Term
| What can affect the automaticity of the sinus node? |
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Definition
Changes in PSNS/SNS change HR
Hormones (increased thyroid hormone increases HR)
Serum Electrolytes (Increase potassium causes bradycardia)
Hypoxia (causes bradycardia
Drugs |
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Term
| What is triggered activity? |
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Definition
| Result of abnormal electrical impulses that occur during repolarization when cells are normally quiet. |
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Term
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Definition
An impulse travels through an area of the myocardium, depolarized it, and then renters that same area to depolarize it again.
Myocardial injury is a common cause. |
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Term
| How does fast heart rate lead to myocardial ischemia and decreased CO? |
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Definition
| Length spent in diastole is decreased, less time for coronary artery perfusion and less time for ventricular filling. |
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Term
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Definition
Beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, anxiety meds.
Stress reduction/lifestyle change first. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Women
Most common arrhythmia in children.
Associated with ingestion of caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco; anxiety.
Pt will feel palpitations. |
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Term
Unstable AT tx of choice?
Stable? |
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Definition
Cardioversion.
Sedation for stable. If unsuccessful = vagaries maneuvers, adenosine, then ca channel blocker or beta blocker. |
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Term
| Prevalence of a fib increases with... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Loss of atrial kick (-20-30% CO)
Blood pools in atria chambers = risk for thrombosis. |
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Term
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Definition
Control rate = ca channel blocker or beta blocker.
if rhythm is less than 48 hours old cardioversion or amiodarone can be used.
If more than 48 hours = must be anticoagulated before attempts to restore rhythm using cardioversion or amiodarone are used. |
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Term
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Definition
| cardioverted immediately. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A PVC that falls on the downslope of the preceding T wave.
During the relative refractory period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart skipped a beat or missed a beat |
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Term
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Definition
None if asymptomatic.
O2, electrolytes...
Significant PVC;s (more than 6/min) = anti dysrhythmia meds. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| VT with rate greater than 250 BPM is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lasts longer than 30 seconds |
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Term
| Sustained VT is life threatening for two reasons |
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Definition
*Loss of atrial kick and reduced CO
*May lead to VFib or asystole |
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Term
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Definition
IV Amiodarone
If unresponsive: sedate PT and cardiovert. |
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Term
| TX unstable VT with pulse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
recent onset and is more likely to be reversed by defibrillation.
Fine = CPR |
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Term
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Definition
Check pulse. If there is a pulse VF isn’t the problem.
Defib
If unwitnessed, CPR for 2 minutes then dfib.
If unsuccessful - start IV - epi CPR
Amiodarone/Lidocaine
Continue drug-CPR-shock |
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Term
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Definition
Start CPR and establish IV line. Intubate when possible.
Epi - CPR
H&Ts. |
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Term
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Definition
Hypovolemia (most common cause)
Hypo/Hyper kalemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen (acidosis)
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
Toxins
Tamponade (cardiac)
Tension pneumothorax
Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary) |
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