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Exam 4 Chemistry Review/Study Questions Part 8
Review / Study Questions
57
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
04/01/2015

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Term
Which therapeutic drug has an OD that leads to severe liver necrosis due to accumulation of free radicals?
Definition
Acetaminophen
Term
Treatment for Acetaminophen OD is effective in the first how many hours?
Definition
48 hours
Term
Acetaminophen - _____ can predict liver toxicity based on serum levels
Definition
Nomogram
Term
True or False:
Alcohol ingestion increases toxic effects of Acetaminophen
Definition
True
Term
Acetaminophen OD - Samples should be drawn how many hours post ingestion and monitored over a 24 period?
Definition
4 hours
Term
What else should be monitored when an Acetaminophen OD occurs?
Definition
Liver enzymes, bilirubin and PT
Term
What are the side effects of Salicylate (Aspirin)?
Definition
GI irritation, disturbed platelet aggregation, tinnitus
Term
What are 2 Other OTC NSAIDs?
Definition
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Term
____ is a possibility for any patient who is unconscious for unexplained reasons
Definition
OD
Term
True or False:
Because most drugs clear quickly, screening tests can only detect recent abuse
Definition
True
Term
Name 7 Drugs with a High Potential for Abuse
Definition
Tranquilizers
Amphetamine/Methamphetamine
Cannabinoids
Cocaine
Opiates
Hallucinogens
Anabolic Steroids
Term
What are the following consistent with:
CNS depressants/ anti-anxiety drugs
Barbiturates (Pentobarb, phenobarb)
Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium, Ativan, Prozac)
Definition
Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics)
Term
What does OD of Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics) cause?
Definition
lethargy, slurred speech, stupor, respiratory arrest, coma
Term
What are the following consistent with:
CNS stimulants (bennies, uppers, speed)
Used to treat narcolepsy and ADD
Causes talkativeness, restlessness, tremors, psychosis
Definition
Amphetamine/Methamphetamine
Term
What are the following consistent with:
Psychoactive compounds (primarily THC) in marijuana and hashish
Lipophilic = accumulation in brain/fat cells; slower elimination
Detected up to 5 days after single use; one month+ in chronic use
Alters mood, perception, psychomotor skills, short-term memory; paranoia
Definition
Cannabinoids
Term
What are the following consistent with:
Local anesthetic
CNS stimulator: elicits a sense of excitement and euphoria
Definition
Cocaine
Term
What are the following consistent with:
Used as analgesics, sedatives and anesthesia
Derived from opium poppy
Definition
Opiates
Term
Amphetamine/Methamphetamine - A
llergy meds contained the chemically related _____ & _______
Definition
ephedrine & pseudoephedrine
Term
___________ - amphetamine designer derivative
Definition
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Term
Cannabinoids - what does the current method distinguish between?
Definition
Direct Use and Passive Exposure
Term
Marinol and medical marijuana are used to treat what?
Definition
anorexia, glaucoma, pain, and nausea associated with chemo
Term
OD of Cocaine is associated with what?
Definition
Seizures and heart attacks
Term
What are the following consistent with:
LSD, PCP (Phencyclidine), Mescaline
May cause both stimulant and depressant effects
Hostility, paranoia, flashbacks
Definition
Hallucinogens
Term
What are the following consistent with:
Related to testosterone; originally developed to treat male hypogonadism
Increases muscle mass and athletic performance
Hepatitis, atherosclerosis, stroke, MI, sterility, impotence
Potency of black market drugs is variable
Definition
Anabolic Steroids
Term
List 3 Natural Opiates
Definition
morphine, codeine, opium
Term
List 3-4 Natural Modified Opiates
Definition
Heroin, Oxycodone/Dilaudid, Percodan
Term
List 2 Synthetic Opiates
Definition
Demerol, Darvon
Term
What is an OD of Opiates tied to?
Definition
Respiratory acidosis and heart failure (myoglobin, CKMB and TnI)
Term
Which Drug with a high potential for abuse was originally developed to treat male hypogonadism?
Definition
Anabolic Steroids
Term
Which Metal is consistent with the following:
Naturally occurring and man
-
made:
insecticides, herbicides, and treated lumber
Disrupts many proteins
GI bleeding, shock and convulsions
Definition
Arsenic
Term
Which Metal is consistent with the following:
Commercial and art paints; in pipes and on highways from car emissions
Most toxicity is from ingestion of contaminated foods
Inhibits heme and Vit D synthesis
Causes anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria
Definition
Lead
Term
Which Metal is consistent with the following:
Most toxicity is from contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial
Binds / alters proteins
Bloody diarrhea, behavioral changes, loss of balance
If patient survives initial poisoning, renal failure often follows
Definition
Mercury
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
Temperature
Definition
91-97 degrees F
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
Creatinine
Definition
Positive
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
SG
Definition
1.003-1.035
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
pH
Definition
4-10
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
Nitrite
Definition
Negative
Term
Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity:
Glutaraldehyde
Definition
Negative
Term
What does lead inhibit?
Definition
Heme and Vitamin D Synthesis
Term
What does Lead Poisoning cause?
Definition
Anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria
Term
Most Mercury Toxicity is from where?
Definition
Contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial
Term
What does Mercury do?
Definition
Binds/Alters Proteins
Term
If patient survives initial Mercury Poisoning, what often follows?
Definition
Renal Failure
Term
Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following:
Incomplete combustions of fuels
Binds to hemoglobin (replaces O2) to form carboxyhemoglobin
Severe hypoxia, primarily affecting heart and brain (lactic acidosis)
Definition
Carbon Monoxide
Term
Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following:
Gas or solid: insecticides, rat poison, burning insulation
Binds to heme iron and disrupts production of cellular ATP
Respiratory arrest, seizures, coma, death
Definition
Cyanide
Term
Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following:
Pesticides (contaminated food/ industrial exposure)
Affects nerve synapses, causing salivation, involuntary urination and
defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure
Definition
Organophosphates
Term
What does Carbon Monoxide bind to?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it replace?
Definition
O2
Term
When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it form?
Definition
Carboxyhemoglobin
Term
What does Cyanide bind to?
Definition
Heme Iron
Term
When Cyanide binds to Heme Iron, what does it disrupt?
Definition
Production of cellular ATP
Term
What do Organophosphates affect?
Definition
Nerve Synapses
Term
When Organophosphates affect nerve synapses, what does this cause?
Definition
Salivation, involuntary urination and
defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure
Term
Hair can detect alcohol and drugs for how long after exposure?
Definition
Months
Term
True or False:
Hair AND Saliva are Impossible to adulterate
Definition
True
Term
What is considered the best specimen for alcohol testing?
Definition
Blood
Term
Other than alcohol, what else can Saliva detect?
Definition
Drugs of abuse
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