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Exam 4: Chapter 10
The Eye
95
Nursing
Professional
10/31/2013

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Term
accommodation
Definition
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
Term
amblyopia
Definition
decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye
Term
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
Definition
antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections
Term
aphakia
Definition
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
Term
astigmatism
Definition
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
Term
blepharitis
Definition
inflammation of the eyelid
Term
blepharoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of an eyelid
Term
blepharoptosis
ptosis
Definition
drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis
Term
blepharospasm
Definition
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
Term
canal of Schlemm
Definition
duct in the anterior that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
Term
cataract
Definition
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
Term
cataract extraction
Definition
excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
Term
chalazion
Definition
chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid
Term
choroid
Definition
vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
Term
ciliary body
Definition
ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
Term
ciliary muscle
Definition
smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision
Term
cones
Definition
cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition
pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
Term
contact lens
Definition
small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
Term
cornea
Definition
transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
Term
cryopexy
cryoretinopexy
Definition
use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retina; used to treat retinal detachment
Term
diabetic retinopathy
Definition
disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision
Term
diplopia
Definition
double vision
Term
distance visual acuity
Definition
measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6)
Term
ectropion
Definition
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
Term
entropion
Definition
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
Term
enucleation
Definition
excision of an eyeball
Term
esotropia
Definition
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose
Term
exophthalmos
exophthalmos
Definition
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
Term
exotropia
Definition
right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose
Term
eye instillation
Definition
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes
Term
eye irrigation
Definition
washing of the eye with water or other fluid
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site
Term
fundus
Definition
interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole
Term
glands of Zeis
Definition
oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
Term
glaucoma
Definition
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
Term
hordeolum
Definition
sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid
Term
hyperopia
Definition
farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
Term
intraocular lens (IOL) implant
Definition
implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
Term
iris
Definition
colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regular light passing through the pupil
Term
iritis
Definition
inflammation of the iris
Term
iridectomy
Definition
excision of a portion of iris tissue
Term
iridotomy
Definition
incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
Term
keratitis
Definition
inflammation of the iris
Term
ketatoplasty
Definition
corneal transplantation; replacement of a disease or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor
Term
lacrimal ducts
Definition
tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
Term
lacrimal gland
Definition
gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
Term
lacrimal sac
Definition
structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
Term
laser surgery
Definition
use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.
Term
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Definition
a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (e.g. myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
Term
lens
Definition
transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
Term
lens capsule
Definition
capsule that encloses the lens
Term
macula
macula lutea
Definition
central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color
Term
macular degeneration
Definition
breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
Term
miotic
Definition
agent that causes the pupil to contract
Term
mydriatic
Definition
agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
Term
nystagmus
Definition
involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball
Term
ophthalmoscopy
Definition
use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
Term
optic disk
Definition
exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins
Term
palpebra or eyelid
Definition
moveable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
Term
photophobia
Definition
extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
Term
presbyopia
Definition
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
Term
pseudophakia
Definition
an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
Term
pterygium
Definition
fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
Term
pupil
Definition
black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
Term
retina
Definition
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
Term
retinitis
Definition
inflammation of the retina
Term
retinal detachment
Definition
separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
Term
rods
Definition
rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
Term
sclera
Definition
tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
Term
scleritis
Definition
inflammation of sclera
Term
scotoma
Definition
blind spot in vision
Term
slit lamp biomicroscopy
Definition
use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
Term
sonography
Definition
use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (e.g., foreign bodies and detached retina)
Term
strabismus
Definition
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
Term
tonometry
Definition
use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
Term
vitreous
Definition
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
Term
aque/o
Definition
water
Term
blephar/o
Definition
eyelid
Term
conjunctiv/o
Definition
conjunctiva (to join together)
Term
corne/o
Kerat/o
Definition
cornea
Term
cycl/o
Definition
circle, ciliary body
Term
ir/o
irid/o
Definition
colored circle, iris
Term
lacrim/o
dacry/o
Definition
tear
Term
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o
Definition
eye
Term
phac/o
phak/o
Definition
lens (lentil)
Term
phot/o
Definition
light
Term
presby/o
Definition
old age
Term
retin/o
Definition
retina
Term
scler/o
Definition
hard or sclera
Term
vitre/o
Definition
glassy
Term
opia
Definition
condition of vision
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