Term
| Upon receiving a Master’s degree, it could be said that a student had gained |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A(n) __________ is the term for a group of persons of similar age, and the same sex, who move through some, or all, of life’s stages together |
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Definition
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Term
| An association that only contains males, and functions to provide men refuge from females is a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the following, which is not a feature of a military association? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ associations are clubs that bring together migrants from a common geographical background. |
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Definition
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Term
| Friendly societies differ from tribal unions in that their objectives |
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Definition
| are confined for the most part to mutual aid |
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Term
| In societies like the United States, membership in voluntary associations is usually based upon |
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Definition
| common, achieved interests |
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Term
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Definition
| groups based on criteria other than kinship or common territory. |
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Term
| A group of people who move through all of life’s stages together is known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| are generally found in cities |
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Term
| The more technologically advanced a society, the |
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Definition
| more voluntary associations it is likely to have. |
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Term
| NGOs provide career opportunities for anthropologists because |
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Definition
| they apply anthropological findings and understanding to the solution of practical problems. |
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Term
| Unisex associations, in which membership is restricted to one’s sex, exist in a number of societies and are usually male to |
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Definition
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Term
| Voluntary associations seem to be more common in stratified and complex societies becaus |
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Definition
| stratified societies are composed of people with many different interests. |
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Term
| Street gangs are like voluntary associations because |
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Definition
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Term
| Regional associations are usually found in urban areas because |
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Definition
| these areas attract settlers from rural areas and these associations bring together migrants from common geographic backgrounds. |
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Term
| Rotating credit associations depend on voluntary compliance to work and once in there is |
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Definition
| strong social pressure to continue paying regularly. |
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Term
| The development of women’s association has not translated into new power of women in male dominated societies because |
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Definition
| their arena is still separate from the men’s arena. |
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Term
| In the U.S. most of the people who join voluntary associations have |
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Definition
| common, achieved interests |
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Term
| Anthropologists want to know why different types of associations develop so they can |
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Definition
| understand what the age-set system can do and what the kinship group fails to do. |
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Term
| What is the mode of subsistence for chiefdoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) __________ is a means used to determine guilt or innocence by submitting the accused to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under supernatural control. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are used where political officials lack sufficient power to make and enforce judicial decisions. |
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Definition
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Term
| When no regular, effective means of resolving a conflict are available |
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Definition
| violence is commonly used to settle a dispute. |
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Term
| In discussing political groups, anthropologists generally focus on groups organized on the basis of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A society composed of a number of politically autonomous, small and unusually nomadic groups is classified as a |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In contrast to tribes, chiefdoms have all of the following except |
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Definition
| more nomadic communities. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not generally an important role of chiefs? |
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Definition
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Term
| A set of explicit, usually written rules stipulating what is permissible and what is not, is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| States generally have all of the following except |
|
Definition
| egalitarian distribution of wealth. |
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Term
| State-level societies generally get most of their food from |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which form of distribution do anthropologists link to chiefdoms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Oaths and ordeals are most likely in |
|
Definition
| complex societies where political leaders lack the power to enforce judicial decisions. |
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Term
| Warfare in preindustrial societies is most likely |
|
Definition
| where people fear unpredictable natural disasters. |
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Term
| Although we often refer to a tribe as encompassing an entire society, in actuality |
|
Definition
| the tribal type of political system does not usually permit the entire society to act as a unit. |
|
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Term
| A chiefdom has formal structure and thus it |
|
Definition
| integrates more than one community into a political unit |
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Term
| States, in anthropology, have a centralized government with power including |
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Definition
|
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Term
| There has been a great deal of growth in the cities in the past 100 years, not because of the birthrate, but because of |
|
Definition
| migration from rural areas |
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Term
| In societies where the leaders are chosen, we need more research to understand why some kinds of people are chosen over others. Why would this be helpful? |
|
Definition
| because we see differences in the personal qualities of leaders in different societies |
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Term
| A high degree of political participation in society has important consequences because |
|
Definition
| democratically governed states rarely go to war with each other. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| A polytheistic religion recognizes __________ gods, not one of which is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When an individual compels the gods to act on his or her behalf |
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Definition
|
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Term
| __________ are generally full-time male specialists who officiate at public events. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| For anthropologists, the term mana refers to |
|
Definition
| a supernatural force residing in some people and objects. |
|
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Term
| In most societies, ghosts resemble |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| People are most likely to believe their ancestors play an active role in their lives in societies |
|
Definition
| where descent groups are important decision-making groups. |
|
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Term
| In which kinds of societies are gods most likely to be viewed as aggressive and malevolent? |
|
Definition
| societies with punitive or hurtful child-rearing practices |
|
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Term
| Monotheistic religions generally have beliefs in |
|
Definition
| a supreme supernatural being together with lower ranked supernatural. |
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Term
| In which type of society are the gods most likely to take an active interest in the moral behavior of humans? |
|
Definition
| . a society with inequality of wealth |
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Term
| Sorcerers and witches of both sexes tend to have |
|
Definition
| very low social and economic status in their societies. |
|
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Term
| Which type of religious practitioner is most likely to be female? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A "revitalization movement" is |
|
Definition
| an effort to save a culture by infusing it with new purpose and life. |
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Term
| Anthropologists believe there is a universality of religious beliefs and practices because |
|
Definition
| they are found in all contemporary societies. |
|
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Term
| There are many variations cross-culturally in religious beliefs, especially in |
|
Definition
| the way supernatural forces are viewed. |
|
|
Term
| The gods or spirits in a particular culture exhibit certain character traits because |
|
Definition
| it might be related to the nature of child training. |
|
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Term
| Societies vary in the kinds of ways that people interact with the supernatural. Often people use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Magic is used in a number of societies to manipulate the supernatural. The purpose of this manipulation is for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The type of religious practitioners found in a culture is related to the degree of cultural complexity. So in a society with only one practitioner you would typically see a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| New religions are continually founded. Anthropologists are interested in the start of a new religion because |
|
Definition
| it’s one of the things that happens when cultures are disrupted by contact with dominant cultures. |
|
|
Term
| All humans recognize what anthropologists and sociocultural gerontologists call "generation" which simple means: |
|
Definition
| There are people older than you and younger than you in society. |
|
|
Term
| What is "chronological age"?: |
|
Definition
| Your age in exact years according to the calendar |
|
|
Term
| If you live to a certain chronological age, the average age that a normal human can expect to attain is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Older persons can also be treated with prejudice and discrimination because of their age, which we call: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "anthropology of aging" is also called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US, most people assume that getting old means getting sick; and in reality, most people will: |
|
Definition
| Have a successful old age ’in place’ in their own home with family, kin, and friends |
|
|
Term
| Jeanne Calment lived to 122 years, 164 days which established the limit of the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is false about aging in cross-cultural perspective?: |
|
Definition
| All humans age at about the same rate, beginning with a birth date. |
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Term
| In defining "age stage" cross-culturally we know all the following are true except which statement? |
|
Definition
| Age stages (infant, child, adolescent, adult, elder) are the same for all societies. |
|
|
Term
| Someone who attains 100 years of age is called (a): |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The ethics of applied anthropologists requires that |
|
Definition
| the anthropologist must not take any action that is harmful to the interests of the community. |
|
|
Term
| Anthropologists who call themselves applied or practicing anthropologists are not usually employed in which setting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a profession, applied or practicing anthropology is explicitly concerned with |
|
Definition
| making anthropological knowledge useful. |
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the type of applied work required in connection with many programs funded by government or private agencies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Applied or practicing anthropologists may be involved in all of the following except |
|
Definition
| Applied anthropologists may be involved in all of the above. |
|
|
Term
| Applied anthropology in the United States developed |
|
Definition
| out of anthropologists’ personal experience with disadvantaged people in other cultures. |
|
|
Term
| According to the code of ethics adopted by the Society of Applied Anthropology in 1948, |
|
Definition
| the target community should be included as much as possible in the formulation of policy. |
|
|
Term
| Large-scale programs of planned change can also have an impact on the archaeological record. Recovering and recording the archaeological record before programs of planned change disturb or destroy it is called |
|
Definition
| cultural resource management (CRM). |
|
|
Term
| Which field of anthropology is devoted to solving crimes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors do medical anthropologists think we need to consider if we are to reduce the suffering in human life? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Many of the ideas and practices of medical researchers and practitioners are influenced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the health-related beliefs, knowledge, and practices of a cultural group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term refers to the system in which physicians are trained? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Many cultures have the view that the body should be kept in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are perhaps the most important medical practitioners in societies lacking full-time occupational specialization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lack of adequate nutrition usually results in what conditions for children? |
|
Definition
| retarded weight and height |
|
|
Term
| Anthropologists have many ethical responsibilities and the most important is |
|
Definition
| to those who are being studied. |
|
|
Term
| In deciding whether or not a proposed change to a culture would be of benefit, you need to look at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Applied anthropologists have advocated for indigenous healers to work within medical change programs. This is especially true in |
|
Definition
| isolated areas where indigenous healers are the only source of health care. |
|
|
Term
| In many parts of the world illnesses are attributed to supernatural forces. This reinforces what we know about |
|
Definition
| the widespread practices of sorcery and witchcraft. |
|
|
Term
| Why do climatic and other events in the physical environment become disasters? |
|
Definition
| because of conditions in the social environment |
|
|
Term
| Which social problem does cross-cultural research suggest that societies with individual property rights, rather than shared rights, are more likely to suffer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In India, what may be the cause for the uneven distribution of food and other supplies provided to flood victims by the government? |
|
Definition
| rules of social and gender stratification |
|
|
Term
| Who, in socially stratified societies, are most likely to be forced to overcultivate, overgraze, and deforest their land, making it susceptible to degredation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reasons for infanticide are similar to those given for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cross-culturally, what is the most common form of family violence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Societies that have violent methods of conflict resolution within communities, physical punishment of criminals, high frequency of warfare, and cruelty toward enemies generally have more |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most reliably reported crime in official records? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the clearest findings to emerge from comparative studies of crime is that war is associated with higher rates of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What legitimizes violence just as war seems to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property crimes increase with increases in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of socialization for aggression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People in nonindustrial societies mostly go to war |
|
Definition
| as a hedge against the unpredictability of natural disasters. |
|
|
Term
| What type of national political systems rarely fight each other? |
|
Definition
| participatory governments |
|
|
Term
| What is one marker of the difference between most crime and terrorism? |
|
Definition
| Criminals rarely take credit for their activities. |
|
|
Term
| Anthropologists think they can contribute to solving global social problems because |
|
Definition
| it is possible to discover the causes of a problem and we assume we can do something about the causes. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it that a crime in one society is not necessarily a crime in another? |
|
Definition
| because cultures have different viewpoints of behavior and different laws |
|
|
Term
| One value consistent with egalitarian societies is that crimes like theft is seen less often because |
|
Definition
| access to resources is fairly equally distributed, so there are fewer differences in wealth. |
|
|
Term
| Research shows us that societies which are more participatory go to war with each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why has terrorism become a global problem |
|
Definition
|
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