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Exam 4
Exam 4
32
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
11/25/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
two layers of skin
Definition
inner layer is dermis
outer layer is epidermis
Term
vesicle
Definition
small, fluid-filled lesions
Term
bullae
Definition
vesicles larger than 1 cm in diameter
Term
macule
Definition
flat, reddened lesions
Term
papule
Definition
raised lesion
Term
pustules
Definition
raised lesion with pus
Term
conjunctivities
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva
red eye or pink eye
Term
Haemophilus influenzae
Definition
is the most common bacterial cause, but many can cause it
Term
Adenoviruses
Definition
are the most common viral cause, but others can cause it

some protozoans can also cause conjunctivitis
Term
Centeral Nervous system
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
Meninges
Definition
three continuous layers of membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid circulates between the middle and innermost layers
Term
meningitis
Definition
inflammation of the meninges
Term
meningitis
Definition
may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
Term
meningitis
Definition
1. knowing which is important for severity and treatment
2. viral or "aseptic" meningitis is the most common type, it is generally less severe and resolves without specific treatment
Term
Symptoms of meningitis in people over 2
Definition
fever, headache, and stiff neck
other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking into bright lights, confusion, and sleepiness

Patients of any age can have seizures
Term
Meningitis
Definition
Infants may appear slow, inactive, irritable, poor appetite, or vomiting
Term
Three bacterial species that cause most bacterial meningitis cases are:
Definition
Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Streptococuus pneumonia
Term
Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis involves:
Definition
spinal tab to obtain CSF that can be cultured for bacterial growth and identification so an effective antibiotic can be given
a. gram stain is often useful for identification
b. a culture can be made from the CSF
c. serological tests, include latex agglutination tests may be performed on the CSF
Term
Treatment for meningitis
Definition
treatment involves antibiotics
treatment should be started as soon as possible
in some cases close contacts may be given antibiotics to prevent transmission
Term
Viral Meningitis
Definition
90% of viral meningitis is caused by enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus and Echovirus, other viruses such as mumps and herpes virus may also cause it
Term
Diagnosis of Viral Meningitis
Definition
done through laboratory tests on CSF Fluid; No specific treatment, bed rest, fluids, and medicine to relieve fever and headache.
Term
Meningitis cases
Definition
should be reported to local and state health departments
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
nerves that branch off of brain or spinal cord

skull, backbone, and blood-brain barrier protect the CNS, organisms gain access to the CNS through trauma, medical procedures, or peripheral nerves
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Term
Blood
Definition
blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
Term
Pathogens
Definition
may be transported throughout the body using the cardiovascular system
Term
Septicemia/ Sepsis
Definition
growth of microorganisms in blood
Term
Symptoms of septicemia
Definition
include chills, fever, lymphangitis, accelerated breathing and heart rate.
Term
Lymphangitis
Definition
inflamed lymph vessels, red lines under the skin from the site of infection that may end lymph node
Term
Severe Sepsis
Definition
sepsis that results in a drop in blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ
Term
Gram-negative sepsis
Definition
Gram-negative bacteria enter the blood from a focus of infection in the body may be as
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