Term
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Definition
single denrite projected to apical surface of skin,
6-8 nonmotile cilia,
basal axon enter basal lamina covered in Shwann cells but unmyelinated
Sustentacular cells: microvilli that provide support and nourishment for olfactory cells and insulate them.
basal cells: regenerative cells into sustentacular and olfactory cells. anchored at basal lamina |
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Term
| Where do you find the Bowman's gland? |
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Definition
(SEROUS) in the lamina propria that contains
odorant-binding protiens
has swell bodies to heat the air, this dehydrates the mucus |
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Term
| where do you find non-keratinized epithelium |
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Definition
| anteriour surface of epiglotis, exteriour portion of the larynx, and vocal folds. The rest is regular ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells. |
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Term
| What keeps the the lining of the vocal folds moist? |
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Definition
| Lamina propria contains seromucous glands that are abundant over the epiglottis and in the saccules |
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Term
| describe the mucosa of the bronchi |
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Definition
ciliated columnar is for clearance
Goblet cells decrease towards bronchioles where they are absent, except when irritated
Neuroendocrine cell of Kulchitsky: found in fetal lungs
mainly T-lymphocytes
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Term
| describe the submucosa of the bronchi |
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Definition
contains seromucous glands that secrete mucins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgA produced by plasma cells and protease inhibitors. epmphysema is due to deficiency in alpha1 anti-trypsin
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Term
| what happens with asthma? |
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Definition
basal lamina thickens: leukocytes go to lamina propria
edema and inflammation of wall
submucosal glands increase in size
increase of goblet cells
Increase in mucous=increase in bacterial growth
hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle. |
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Term
| list architecture of intrapulmonary bronchi |
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Definition
Mucosa
muscularis
submucosa: new layer of SM
cartilage (plates or islands)
Adventitia
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Term
| describe mucosa of bronchioles? |
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Definition
DO NOT HAVE SUBMUCOSA OR CARTILAGE!
epithelium progressively diminishes in height
Clara cells present in terminal and respiratory bronchioles that secrete surfactant CC16 (can be measured in blood when damage occurrs), they also play role in Cl- ion transport and regenerate bronchiolar epithelium
Lamina Propria: glands are absent |
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Term
| describe type II alveolar cells |
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Definition
more # than type I, but only cover 10%
cuboidal cells connected to type I cells through tight junctions
lamellar bodies secrete surfactant
capable of cell division and make type I or II cells
Cortisol induces surfactant |
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Term
| what is the function of alveolar macrophages (dust cells)? |
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Definition
found in lumen and migrate over epithelial surface ciliated areas.
eliminated by mucociliary clearance
some migrate to visceral pleura black speckles
activated macrophages release proteases, kept in check by alph1 antitrypsin
defect in alveolar macrophages leads to Emphysema!! |
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Term
| what can occur in the interalveolar septum? |
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Definition
space b/n adjacent alveolar epithelium.
chronic injury leads to fibrosis
activate T-cells and macrophages stimulate fibroblasts
injury to type I cells: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II
increases in collagen type I |
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Term
| where are blood gas barriers found? |
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Definition
Type I pneumocytes with adluminal surfactant
fused to basal lamina and continuous with capillary |
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Term
| What is permanent enlargement of airspaces and destruction of walls of airspaces with no sign of fibrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the respiratory section start? |
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Definition
| when you reach the respiratory bronchile: supplies a primary pulmonary lobule |
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Term
what does a terminal bronchiole supply?
what does a respiratory bronchiole supply? |
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Definition
primary acinus: terminal
primary pulmonary lobule: respiratory |
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Term
| what does the lamina propria of the vocal fold contain in the larynx? |
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Definition
| Reinke's space and the vocal ligament |
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Term
| is the primary bronchus extra or intra pulmonary? |
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Definition
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