Term
| does the rectum have tenae coli? |
|
Definition
No,
has three permenant rectal folds "valves of Houston"
involved in supporting fecal mass,
folds of mucosa, submucosa and externa muscularis
has adventitia and serosa
There is no diverticuli in the rectum because there is no tenae coli |
|
|
Term
columns of Morgagni have longitudinal folds of submucosa and mucosa, they are also called? |
|
Definition
Anal columns
Muscularis mucosae is absent distal to the sinuses |
|
|
Term
| from the pectinate line to the white line of Hilton what epithelium is there? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous, nonkeratinezed epithelium, but inferior to white line of hilton is stratified keratinized epithilium with sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
wheredo you find internal hemorrhoids?
where do you find external hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
Internal: superior to pectinate line in submucosa
External: inferior to pectinate line in lamina propria
in anus sinus you can create anal fistula |
|
|
Term
| What is Hirschsprungs disease? |
|
Definition
| congenital mega-colon that is aganglionic so there no constriction. |
|
|
Term
| What does Glissan's refer to? |
|
Definition
| the Glissan's capsule that covers the liver with dense irregular CT, it also has a thin layer of mesothelium from the peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| What is in the Classic liver lobule of internal organization? |
|
Definition
3-6 portal spaces in periphery
benzene ring (6 sides) around central vein
portal triads in portal space: artery, vein, bile duct
Trabeculae cords of hepatocytes travel to the central vein
Space of Disse
Humans have very little connective tissue that separate lobules
has delicate reticular fibers to avoid blood flow
|
|
|
Term
| what do you call macrophages that are involved in the sinusoids in the liver that help clean blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe structures between hepatocyte and RBC in a sunosoid |
|
Definition
| there is a space called perasinusoidal space or space of Disse that allow transportation of nutrients across discontinuos basal lamina of hepatocyte, have microvilli too |
|
|
Term
| where are perisinusoidal cells located and what is their function? |
|
Definition
located in space of Disse, the cells are also called Ito, hepatic stellate or lipocyte cells
they house lipid material and accumulate Vitamin A, which is fat soluble, they secrete growth factors too |
|
|
Term
| how many liver lobules do you need to make a hepatic acinus? |
|
Definition
2 lobules form a diamond shape zone that share one side
Zone 1: rich O2 and nutrients, low in CO2 and waste
closest to blood supply
Zone3: low O2 and nutrients, high in CO2 and waste
more susceptible to damage, during malnutrition, Toxic
zone 3 is closest to central vein
Zone 3 best at Detoxification via SER, release ALT, AST in necrosis |
|
|
Term
| true or false? 2/3 of blood comes from the hepatic portal vein and 1/3 from hepatic artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bile canalliculus made from? |
|
Definition
from the plasma membrane of two hepatocytes
Zonulae occludens!!! |
|
|
Term
| What is Gilbert Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| syndrome prevents bilirubin from being conjugated: you see unconjugated bilirubin in the blood |
|
|
Term
| What is Dubin-johnson syndrome |
|
Definition
inability to secrete conjugated bilirubin from bile canliculi into the biliary tract: conjugated bilirubin will enter blood
lack of mdr-2 canalicular transport protein |
|
|
Term
| what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome? |
|
Definition
hyperbilirubinemia in children,
can't conjugate bilirubin...build up of inderect bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| what are the culprits in collagen in the liver? |
|
Definition
| stellate cells (perisinusoidal cells of Ito), they become proliferative when they are activated |
|
|
Term
| what enzymes are released if there is a biliary infection or damage? |
|
Definition
alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
hepatic ducts are simple columnar epithelium
bile ductules are called Hering's canals lead to bile ducts which have own epithelial lining rather than from the plasma membrane of hepatocytes |
|
|
Term
| hepatocytes microvillie extend into the space of Disse? True or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of regenerative cells in the liver? |
|
Definition
| oval cells regenerate hepatocytes and stem cells |
|
|
Term
| what is absent in the Gallbladder? |
|
Definition
NO MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
you have mucosa: columnar epi, lamina propria
muscularis layer:
perimuscular coat: or CT
Serosa, adventitia is in the fosa
|
|
|
Term
| what is the name of an obstructed gall bladder? |
|
Definition
Rokitansky-aschoff's sinus: developes due to a blockage
presence of submucosa or serosa on gallbladder prevents spread of cancer to the liver! |
|
|
Term
| what are Hering's canals? |
|
Definition
bile ductules
simple cuboidal epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what organ has perimuscular coats and serous membrane, and no muscularis mucosae? |
|
Definition
|
|
