Term
| What lies between medullary pyramids? |
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Definition
| Renal columns of Bertin, consists of cortical tissue |
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Term
What is in the Hilum?
What is in the Renal Sinus that rests between the minor calyxes? |
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Definition
Hilum: vessels, nerves, ureter, and renal pelvis
Renal Sinus: fat filled cavity with branches of renal artery and vein, lymph vessels, ureter and nerve fibers |
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Term
What three structures are in the cortical labyrinth?
the cortical labyrinth are regions between the medullary rays. medullary rays consists of straight tubules (proximal and distal), descending thin and ascending thin limbs of loop of henle, and collecting ducts |
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Definition
Renal Corpuscles
Convoluted tubules (PCT's and DCT's)
Collecting tubules
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Term
| where does most of blood flow in the kidneys? |
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Definition
90-95% in cortex
5-10% in medulla |
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Term
| what goes from the base of the medulla into the cortex? |
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Definition
| medullary rays=straight tubules and collecting ducts |
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Term
| what makes up a unipherous tubule |
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Definition
nephron and collecting tubule=functional unit
it consists of epithelium and is covered by basal lamina on the exterior! |
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Term
| starting from bowmans capsule, give the steps to ureter. |
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Definition
| Bowmans capsule-->Proximal convoluted tubule-->Loop of henle cortex to medulla to cortex-->DCT-->collecting tubule-->collecting duct-->Duct of Bellini-->renal papilla-->minor calyx-->major calyx--> renal pelvis-->ureter |
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Term
| what structures consist of a kidney lobe? |
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Definition
renal pyramid
cortical tissue at base
Bertin Columns 1/2 from each adjacent renal column
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Term
| what does a kidney lobule consist of? |
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Definition
collecting duct
all nephrons that empty into the collecting duct |
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Term
where are renal corpuscles
and juxtamedullary nephron's renal corpuscles found?
FYI: cortical nephrons are short
justamedullary nephrons are long |
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Definition
| in the cortex, the tubules are in the medulla |
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Term
describe the glomerulus?
renal corpuscle contains: glomerulus,bowmans capsule, bowman's space, vascular pole, urinary pole |
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Definition
located in the cortex
fenestrated capillaries
arterio-capillary bed
glomerular ultrafiltrate oozes out |
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Term
| what covers the glomerulus? |
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Definition
visceral layer of bowman's capsule that is composed of podocytes (primary major processes and secondary pedicels) secondary has direct contact with cell
the parietal layer, simple squamous cells rests on the basal lamina of the inner wall of Bowmans capsule |
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Term
| where does ultrsafiltrate go? |
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Definition
| bowmans space between the visceral and parietal layers of bowmans capsule |
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Term
| list main component of both efferent and afferent arterioles? |
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Definition
Afferent: enters renal corpuscle
Efferent: leaves renal corpuscle and has a greater resistance flow
Mesangial cells are located between capillary loops |
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Term
| what does the urinary pole contain? |
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Definition
| the proximal convoluted tubule: contains the initial part of PCT |
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Term
| what happens during glomulonephritis? |
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Definition
| antibodies attack the basal lamina, parietal layer grows and forms crescents over capillaries and renal corpusclee collapses |
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Term
describe Proximal Convoluted tubule
and
Proximal straight tubule |
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Definition
Pars Convuluta
simple cuboidal epithelium
MICROVILLI-STRIATED BORDER
PAS+
site of Na+ and H20 resorbed and A.A and glucose
Straight:
THICK DESCENDING (L of H)=Pars Recta |
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Term
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Definition
Pars recta: proximal straight tubule: descending thick resorb Na+ and H20
Thin descending:permeable to H20, urea, Na+, Cl-
henle's loop: U-shape of nephron
Thin ascending: simple squamous epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
Distal straigt tubule=Pars Recta (Thick ascending)
Few microvilli
more mitochondria than PCT
zonulae occludentes
impermable to H20 and urea
resorbs Na and Cl
Macula Densa
DCT: much shorter and less maizy than PCT
no microvilli
pale and CLEAR LUMEN
exchange Na for K by ALDOSTERONE |
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Term
| The macula densa is located where? |
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Definition
modified segment of the DISTAL TUBULE,
between afferent and efferent arterioles |
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Term
| what do the ducts of Bellini pour into? |
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Definition
| 20 tubules drain into the Renal papilla that is covered by transitional epithelium |
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Term
| What are modified smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the afferent arteriole that contain granules with renin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the excretory portion? |
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Definition
Collecting tubules
the DCT empties into the connecting tubule or arched collecting tubule that drains into the cortical collecting duct or a medullary collecting duct. |
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Term
| what happens with a decrease in blood pressure |
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Definition
Angiotensinogen is converted by renin-->Angiotensin I then to II by ACE--> constricts arteries-->secretes aldosterone-->stimulate macula densa of DCT's--> increase the absorption of Na and Cl-, excretes K--> where NaCl goes water goes to fluid volume increases.
renal interstitium: converts medullipinI to II in liver and it is a vasodialator and dec. blood pressure |
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Term
| blood supply starting from renal artery |
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Definition
| renal artery, A and P division, segmental arteries, lobar, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, afferent glomerular arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
mucosa: folds when empty, transitional epithelium, BL and Lamina propria
muscularis: upper 2/3 outer circular and inner longitudinal
lower 1/3 outer longitudinal layer (extra), middle circular, inner longitudinal
muscularis performs peristaltic waves NO GRAVITY
URETER HAS FIBROUS CT COVERING |
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Term
| how many layers does the bladder have? |
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Definition
mucosa: transitional epi
lamina propria: superficial dense Irreg. CT
deep: loose CT
Muscularis: 3 layers inner longitudinal (thin) middle circular (thick-forms sphincter) outer longitudinal (thin)
Adventitia: Dense Ireg. CT, elastic fibers and SEROSA |
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Term
| is male or female urethra shorter? |
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Definition
Female: the External sphincter is made up of Skeletal muscle
transitional ep near bladder, stratified squam. nonker
Male: prostatic urethra has trans. epi.
spongy urethra is in corpus spongiosum
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