Term
| Neoplasia can invole what type of tumors? |
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Definition
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Term
| difference between papillom and a polyp? |
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Definition
papilloma: benign epithelial tumor possessing finger-like projections
polyp: benign protrusion from a mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| mixed tumor, mucous like that looks like cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cell benign tumor; epithelial cells form a glandular structure or are derived from glandular tissue. |
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Term
| list out benign tumors and malignant |
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Definition
Benign-oma: fibroma, chondroma, adenoma, hamangioma, lymphoma, papilloma, polyp
malignant: Sarcoma, derived from mesenchymal connective tissue
Carcinom, derived from epithelial cells
mesothelioma and melanoma are malignant tumors that do not follow the rule |
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Term
| What type of tumors form from ectoderm, such as the mouth, anus, and ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| list 4 characteristics of neoplasms |
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Definition
Differentiation/anaplasia: structually and functionally, anaplasia lacks differentiation, but can have pleomorphism where cells and nuclei vary in size
Rate of Growth:
Local Invasion:
Metastasis:
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Term
| characteristics of benign tumor |
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Definition
Well differentiated,
slow rate growth,
cohesive and do not invade,
no metastasis |
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Term
| characteristics of malignant tumors? |
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Definition
lack differentiation, but atypical structure
slow to rapid movement
invasive, may seem cohesive
metastasis: larger more likely |
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Term
| do malignant cells lose polarity of cells? |
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Definition
| Yes, with abundant nuclei, hperchromatic, and large numbers of mitosis are found |
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Term
| do malignant or benign tumors form capsules? |
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Definition
| benign, but slow growing malignant ones can |
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Term
| four ways a tumor can spread? |
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Definition
direct seeding of surfaces or cavity
lymphatic
hematogenous
perineural spread on nerves |
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Term
what are top three cancers for men
and top three for women? |
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Definition
prostate, lung, and colon
breast, lung, colon
together: prostate/breast, lung, colorectal |
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Term
| 70% of adenocarcinoma arises in which zone of the prostate? |
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Definition
| the peripheral zone and in the posterior location to be palpated |
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Term
| what are two serum markers for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
PSA prostate-specific antigen
PSAP prostate serum acid phosphatase |
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Term
| what are lost in the early and late stage of carcinogenesis? |
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Definition
early: cancer-suppressor genes
late: p53 mutations |
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Term
| location of most breast cancers? |
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Definition
50% in upper lateral quadrant
almost all breast cancers are adenocarcinomas |
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Term
| name 2 categories of breast carcinomas |
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Definition
in situ: carcinoma is defined to epithelium and has not penetrated the lamina propria
invasive carcinoma: invaded into the stroma |
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Term
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Definition
70-80% of cancers express estrogen receptors,
some lack E-cadherin and appear loose or singly
some overexpress human epidermal GF receptors HER2
mutations of BRCA1 and 2 genes occur in 25% of familial breast cancer |
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Term
| most lung cancer originate 75% of the time in the? |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, and tertiary Bronchi |
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Term
| most commonly found in men and correlated to smoking? |
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Definition
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Term
| most common type of lung cancer in women and nonsmokers |
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Definition
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Term
| do small or large cell carcinoma become highly malignant? |
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Definition
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Term
| colonic adenomas are described as pedunculated and sessile, what do these mean? |
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Definition
pedunculated-tubular tumor
sessile- has a broad base |
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Term
| frequency of colorectal cancer is found mainly where? |
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Definition
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Term
| which colon has a smaller diameter, left or right? |
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Definition
| left, constapation can be a sign of stenosis in left colon |
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Term
| describing staging of Tis, T1, T2 and T3 |
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Definition
Tis: cancer is in mucosa
T1: cancer is in submucosa
T2: cancer is in muscularis externa
T3: all the way through the wall |
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