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Exam 4
Unit 3
32
Other
Undergraduate 4
12/12/2016

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Term
3 bad consequences for if we only had excitatory neurotransmission
Definition
1. seizures
2. cytotoxicity
3. a lot of tetanus
Term
Is inhibition necessary for neuronal function?
Definition
yes!
Term
What is fast inhibitory neurotransmission for?
Definition
to prevent a neuron from firing an action potential
Term
Is inhibition necessarily a hyperpolarization?
Definition
no!
Term
excitation
Definition
increase tendency for cell to fire APs
Term
inhibition
Definition
decrease tendency for cell to fire APs
Term
What is the easiest way to inhibit neurons?
Definition
increase permeability to chloride
Term
2 main inhibitory NTs in the brain
Definition
glycine & GABA (most common)
Term
There are many similarities between nAChR structure & GABA receptor structure...what two parts must be different?
Definition
1. the ligand-binding site must be different (one binds ACh & one binds GABA)
2. the M2 region (pore lining region that confers selectivity)
Term
2 ionotropic GABA receptors (fast inhibitory neurotransmission)
Definition
1. GABA(A)
2. GABA(C)
Term
Cell at -90 mV, opening AMPA receptor will ______?
Definition
cause inward current (we know this because reversal potential is at 0 mV) --> deep EPSC
Term
cell at -50 mV, opening AMPA receptor --> ?
Definition
(inward current) --> weaker negative EPSC than if cell was at -90 mV
Term
cell at 0 mV, opening AMPA receptor --> ?
Definition
no current
Term
cell at +50, opening AMPA receptor --> ?
Definition
(outward current) --> positive EPSC
Term
Why is AMPA receptor excitatory?
Definition
reversal potential is at 0 mV & AP threshold is normally around -40 mV
Term
Excitatory synapses use ______ as a neurotransmitter
Definition
glutamate
Term
Glutamate receptors have reversal potential = ?
Definition
0 mV
Term
Between resting membrane potential & AP threshold sodium influx through synaptic channels is ______
Definition
depolarizing
Term
Weak presynaptic stimulation of a glutamatergic synapse --> ?
Definition
weak EPSP but not to threshold
Term
Strong presynaptic stimulation of a glutamatergic synapse --> ?
Definition
EPSP to threshold
Term
Cell at -75, opening GABA receptors --> ?
Definition
(chloride outward) --> positive IPSP
Term
Cell at -60, opening GABA receptors --> ?
Definition
no chloride movement/no IPSP
Term
Cell at -50, opening GABA receptors --> ?
Definition
(chloride inward) --> slightly negative IPSP
Term
Cell at -30, opening GABA receptors --> ?
Definition
(chloride inward) --> deep negative IPSP
Term
Inhibitory synapses use ______ as a neurotransmitter
Definition
GABA
Term
Between reversal potential & the AP threshold, net chloride influx through synaptic channels ______ the neuron & pulls it away from threshold
Definition
hyperpolarizes
Term
strong presynaptic inhibition --> ?
Definition
IPSPs pulling cell away from AP threshold --> no AP
Term
What it means for a cell to be inhibitory = ?
Definition
preventing a cell from reaching threshold
Term
2 cases where GABA(A) could be excitatory instead of inhibitory
Definition
1. if action potential threshold became really low, there is a possibility where the reversal potential of chloride could be above threshold
2. if you change the equilibrium potential of chloride (make extracellular chloride really low or make intracellular chloride really high)
Term
threshold > membrane potential > GABA reversal potential --> ?
Definition
hyperpolarizing IPSP
Term
threshold > GABA reversal potential > membrane potential
Definition
depolarizing IPSP
Term
GABA reversal potential > threshold > membrane potential
Definition
excitatory depolarizing IPSP
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