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Exam 4
Chapter 11-13
59
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2014

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Cards

Term
Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways.
Definition
inflammation
Term
The correlation between obesity in parents and obesity in their children tends to be:
Definition
positive.
Term
When you look at the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, you see that:
Definition
children grow more slowly than they did in early childhood.
Term
In the United States since 1980, the rate of childhood asthma has:
Definition
tripled.
Term
Being overweight means having a body mass index (BMI) above the ______ percentile for age on growth charts whereas being obese means having a BMI above the ______ percentile.
Definition
85th; 95th
Term
Which of the following factors is a contributor to the decline in neighborhood play among children?
Definition
overpopulated cities
Term
What is responsible for the ability to read?
Definition
massive interconnections among brain structures
Term
Frequently, school-age children on a baseball field will shout, “Think fast!” and immediately throw a baseball in the direction of a teammate. What is being tested is the teammate's:
Definition
reaction time.
Term
Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as:
Definition
selective attention.
Term
The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated enough times for it to no longer require much conscious thought is called:
Definition
automatization.
Term
You left your home 30 minutes ago and arrived safely at school. However, you cannot remember actually driving there. What aspect of brain development could explain this
Definition
automatization
Term
Howard Gardner believes that:
Definition
musical ability is a type of intelligence
Term
Because of better health, smaller families, and more schooling, some nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores. This phenomenon is called the:
Definition
Flynn Effect.
Term
Child psychologists agree that drugs are
Definition
both underused and overused in treating children with ADHD.
Term
Many psychoactive drugs are prescribed to children to treat depression, but have not been adequately tested on children. The use of these drugs for children is therefore referred to as:
Definition
off-label.
Term
Research has found that appropriately medicated children with ADHD are:
Definition
less likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peer
Term
Emma's speech at age 3 was difficult to understand, and she did not demonstrate the typical language explosion. Now at age 8, she is experiencing difficulty in school. Her early speech history may have been an early indication for:
Definition
dyslexia.
Term
It is most likely that autism spectrum disorder is caused by
Definition
genetic vulnerability coupled with other factors.
Term
Which of the following statements about treatment for autism spectrum disorder is TRUE?
Definition
No treatment has been found to be completely successful for treating autism.
Term
Developmental psychopathology has given us the following lesson applicable to all children:
Definition
Abnormality is normal.
Term
According to Piaget, which of the following abilities do children gain during middle childhood?
Definition
logic
Term
When capable of concrete operational thought, children:
Definition
can apply their reasoning to real situations.
Term
The ability to understand the connection between one fact and another, even though it is not stated, is called:
Definition
transitive inference.
Term
Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of which of the following concepts allows her to accomplish this?
Definition
seriation
Term
When Brazilian vendors in middle childhood were tested on mathematical ability:
Definition
they did poorly on math achievement tests but understood complex math computations.
Term
Children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability/abilities from their culture?
Definition
spatial orientation
Term
One of the leaders of the information-processing perspective is:
Definition
Siegler.
Term
Children are able to develop their own memory aids and organize information on their own at ______-years-old.
Definition
9 to 11
Term
Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory?
Definition
the answer to this question
Term
A 6-year-old is likely to use ______ to remember a new activity or new concepts.
Definition
rehearsal
Term
Metacognition is:
Definition
thinking about thinking.
Term
Identify the mechanism that assumes an executive role in the information-processing system.
Definition
control processes
Term
A lack of understanding of metaphors in middle childhood, even if a child has a large vocabulary, signifies:
Definition
cognitive problems.
Term
If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ______ new words per day.
Definition
20
Term
Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails are all examples of:
Definition
codes
Term
Compared to children from middle-class families, a characteristic of language in children from low-SES families is that their
Definition
grammar is simpler.
Term
The sudden understanding that one's tone of voice and word selection and the context in which the language is used may override the literal content of one's speech requires a complex knowledge of:
Definition
the pragmatics of language
Term
Two factors that play important roles in the connection between low SES and language learning are:
Definition
early exposure to language and expectations.
Term
Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in math and reading abilities?
Definition
Differences between nations are far greater than differences between genders.
Term
Which of the following methods listed in the text is effective in stopping bullying in schools?
Definition
using a whole-school strategy
Term
What period is the prime time for moral development?
Definition
middle childhood
Term
Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is
Definition
withdrawn-rejected.
Term
Girls who bully typically:
Definition
mock and ridicule their victim.
Term
Children's “increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control” all contribute to their sense of:
Definition
autonomy.
Term
Children may struggle to develop moral values if they are slow to develop:
Definition
theory of mind.
Term
Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. Even though these activities may seem boring, they are all part of Barbara's developing a healthy sense of:
Definition
industry
Term
Kristopher is extremely sure of himself. He gets angry when his teachers or friends try to offer him constructive criticism and is extremely impulsive. When he takes a test in school, rather than studying, he bases his answers on “what feels correct.” Which of the following statements best explains Kristopher's behavior?
Definition
He is lacking in effortful control.
Term
The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is termed as:
Definition
resilient.
Term
Because John's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, John is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping him keep his positive attitude?
Definition
his circle of friends and their activities
Term
Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan's math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that:
Definition
genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on some abilities.
Term
Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:
Definition
functions of a family.
Term
Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a:
Definition
blended family
Term
The crucial question regarding family structure is:
Definition
Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children?
Term
Around fifth grade, what type of children are popular?
Definition
athletic, cool, dominant, aggressive, arrogant
Term
Over time, the consequences of bullying:
Definition
relationships for the bullies and their victims.
Term
A major coping measure that helps children and families deal with problems and stress is:
Definition
social support.
Term
Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she's afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's stage ______ of moral development.
Definition
3
Term
Alisha's family was experiencing multiple problems, including her mother's illness, her father's loss of employment, and two relatives having moved into their home. Through the stress, her grades remained high and her study skills good. Most likely, Alisha was:
Definition
using school achievement as an escape from the stress of home.
Term
The most common type of family for children in the United States is the:
Definition
nuclear
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