Term
| Fröbel Educational Toys “Gifts” |
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Definition
smooth wooden maple blocks: cube, the sphere and the triangle
among other geometric toys |
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Term
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Definition
Franklin Lloyd Wright's original style
-traditional |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on hand made; rejection of mass-production |
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Term
| What culture influenced Frank Lloyd Wright's early work? -Roman -Greek -French -Japanese |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of FLW's styles was featured in The Ladies Home Journal in 1901? |
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Definition
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Term
| What plan style did the prairie home follow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prairie Home characteristics: |
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Definition
Low pitched roof with projecting eaves
Brick walls with stucco (concrete) ledge and coping
Open plan with central chimney (block)
Continuous bands of windows
Casement type windows with leaded panes and geometric lights
Terraces |
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Term
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Definition
1936-c. 1947
Single family houses for middle income families |
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Term
| Two futuristic components of Wright's homes |
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Definition
| passive solar heat, built in furniture |
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Term
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Definition
| Towards a New Architecture (Written in 1923, translated in 1927) |
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Term
| Towards a New Architecture |
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Definition
| collection of essays advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture |
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Term
| Popular Concepts in Towards a New Architecture |
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Definition
-Mass Production of Homes
“the house is a machine for living” |
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Term
| What are some qualities of mass-produced homes |
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Definition
*Reinforced concrete slabs and supports
*free plan
*free facade
*horizontal windows
*roof gardens |
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Term
| What made modern Architecture different? |
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Definition
| mass production and standardization |
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Term
| What concept did Le Corbusier suggest with standardization? |
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Definition
| -row houses (superblocks) |
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Term
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Definition
| growth associated with unplanned cities |
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Term
| Who and Where was the "father of city planning" from? |
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Definition
-Hippodamus of Milletus
-Ancient Greece |
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Term
| qualities of city planning in ancient rome |
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Definition
-Peristyle courtyard
-Equestrian stature |
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Term
| Where did the use of the grid become employed in city planning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Famous City Planner in US |
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Definition
| William Penn and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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Term
| typical components of grid cities? |
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Definition
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Term
| Components of city planning in Ancient China? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two ideologies associated with the grid city? |
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Definition
| democratic ideals and imperial aspirations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bad qualities of cities such as Paris? |
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Definition
overcrowding, congestions, ill
health, periodic fires, slum-like conditions |
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Term
| What was the point of streets and boulevards in Paris? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was placed at the nodes of Parisian streets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was an attempt by Napoleon to please his people? |
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Definition
Public Buildings for the Bourgeoisie
-opera houses
Tree and Street Furnishing
-lights and benches |
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Term
| Who continued on Napoleon's plans for improving Paris |
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Definition
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Term
| Concepts in a Modern City? |
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Definition
| uniform height, sewage system, the park |
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Term
| Why were parks essential for the modern city? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the aim for Haussman's plans? |
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Definition
| adopt Paris to the demands of rapid urbanization characteristic of the industrial age. |
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Term
| What architectural style was the inspiration in Paris' city planning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were primary reasons for sub urbanization in the post war world? |
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Definition
| slums, overcrowding, disease |
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Term
| What led to the first suburbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who claimed to design the first suburb? |
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Definition
Llewellyn S. Haskell
Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux |
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Term
| Major aspect of first suburbs? |
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Definition
| Picturesque; return to nature |
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Term
| Major component in picturesque planning? |
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Definition
| curvilinear streets with different size lots protected in their gated community |
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Term
| Monumental aspect of Llewellyn Park? |
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Definition
Conceived as a neighborhood park - novel concept that influenced
suburban planning for decades |
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Term
| What allowed suburbs to develop pre WWI? |
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Definition
| the railroad and street car |
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Term
| What classes were suburbs designed for? |
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Definition
| Communities served the upper middle class |
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Term
| What did suburbs provide its residents? |
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Definition
| basic community institutions such as schools, shops, and libraries |
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Term
| Which means of transportation allowed for the concept of urban sprawl? |
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Definition
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Term
| What led to the growth of suburbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Veteran soldiers craved what after returning from war? |
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Definition
| Affordable mass-produced homes |
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Term
| What did William Levitt and Sons design? |
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Definition
| low-middle class communities |
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Term
| What was Levittown in terms of suburbanization? |
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Definition
| archetype for the postwar suburban community |
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Term
| How many variations of the Cape Cod home exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did mass-production lead to? |
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Definition
elimination of basement, houses sit on concrete
slabs; green lawn, white picket fence |
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Term
| Basic Social Unit influenced what aspect of Cape-Cod Homes? |
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Definition
| The two-child family determined necessary sizes of homes |
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of farmland into residential car-depending subdivisions |
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Term
| Characteristics of Suburbanization |
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Definition
Unplanned growth
Low density automobile dependent development
High segregation of uses
Lack of cultural and community facilities |
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Term
| What was the "Best Planned City" |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the most significant city planners in Buffalo? |
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Definition
| Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux |
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Term
| What is a "country park" ? |
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Definition
a combination of trees, standing singly or in
groups, and casting their shadows over the broad
stretches of turf, or repeating their beauty by reflection upon the calm surface of pools |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the parade of a park? |
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Definition
| A place for Active Sports and Democratic Socializing |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the "front" in a park? |
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Definition
This housed the Front Park, Scenery, &
Active Sports |
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Term
| Which one of Olmstead's parks were never created to his full vision? |
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Definition
| “Water Park” (South Park) |
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Term
| What component would have been beneficial to Buffalo in "Water Park"? |
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Definition
| Proposed canal to connect South Park to downtown |
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