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| continue to grow as long as you live, most plants show this type of growth because plants are sessile (they can't move) this is helpful for them to GROW where they need to go! |
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| cease growth upon reaching a predetermined size, usually at maturity, animals and humans are like this, and even some plants. |
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| complete their life cycle and die in one year or growing season, e.g. peas, wheat, etc. |
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| complete their life cycle in two years e.g. carrots, beets, parsley, etc. |
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| live and reproduce for many years e.g. oak tree, many grasses, etc. |
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| packet of unspecialized cells that divide for plant growth |
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| All growth from the SAM and the RAM, generally lengthens roots and shoots, lays down the fundamental body plan. |
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| SAM and RAM are considered... |
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| all growth derived from secondary meristems, generally growth in girth or width of a plant; seen in WOODY plants (e.g. trees) |
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| What word describes the fusion of nuclei (as occurs fungi sexual reproduction) |
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| What are the four groups of Protists |
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| Protozoan, Multicellular algae, Unicellular algae, Slime mold |
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| hallow cluster of cells after the Zygote |
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| What group of fungi do we find bread molds? |
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| Kind of a "catch-all" kingdom for unusual, simple organisms but COMPLEX CELLS |
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| Single celled organisms Protists that live mainly by ingesting food, heterotrophic |
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Flagellates(move by one or more flagella), Amoebas( § Lack of permanent locomotor organelles
), Apicomplexans(All parasitic), Ciliates (Use cilia to move and feed) |
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Definition
Seedless-non-vascular
moss
gametophyte
dependent on water |
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Definition
Seedless-Vescular
ferns
sporophyte
Dependent on water |
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Definition
non-flowering seed, vascular
pine tree
sporophyte
independent of water because of pollen |
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Definition
flowering seed, vascular
daisy
sporophyte
independent of water because of pollen |
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| • Stems, nodes, internodes, leaves, auxiliary buds, SAM= Shoot apical maristem. |
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| • Roots, root hairs, RAM=Root apical maristem |
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1. Epidermis
2. Vascular Tissue
3. Ground Tissue Systems |
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| "Skin" of the plant. First several layers of the cells on the exterior of the plant |
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| Comprised of the XYLEM and the PLHLOEM. Transport and provide STRUCTURAL support to the plant |
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| • Makes up the bulk of the tissue in a seedling and young plants. Fills the space between the epidermis and vascular tissue |
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| Dead cells connected create pipes that transport water and minerals from the roots to the shoots |
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| ○ Living system for food transport. Moves sugars from SOURCE to SINK via osmotic pressure based system |
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| the pigment in the chloroplast that is responsible for the capture of light energy and begins the conversion to biological forms of energy. |
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| Most are multicellular, all are Heterotrophic, Majority of their "body" is composed of filaments called HYPHAE; collectively the hyphae are called the MYCELIUM |
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| Club fungi, Mushrooms, puff balls, shelf fungi |
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| interaction between two of more species living in direct contact with each other |
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| benefits both partners in the relationship |
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| one partner benefits and the other is not harmed |
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| one partner derives benefit from harming the other |
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| the sponges, simple body plan; radial symmetry |
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| hydras, sea jellies, sea anemones, and corals; true tissues radial symmetry |
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| flatworms, free-living (planarian) and parasitic (flukes and tapeworms); cephalization, bilateral symmetry |
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| snails, slugs, clams, octopi, and squids |
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| segmented worms, earthworms, leeches |
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| crayfish, lobsters, crabs, spiders, ticks, insects |
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| seastars, sea urchins, radial symmetry |
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| fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, bilaterally symmetric |
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| symmetric around a central axis for any given diameter |
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| two mirrored halves, symmetric around the central plane |
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| seen in bilaterally symmetric animals -- they have a head where sensory organs and usually nervous processing tissues are located. |
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| end opposite the head, tail end |
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| back side or top side, think of the dorsal fin on a fish |
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| space between digestive tract & other tissue |
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| "Body Cavity"; lined with a middle tissue layer in which are suspended internal organs. |
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| FLEXIBILITY, PROTECTION of internal ORGANS |
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| "Double-life" Possess adaptations for land & water. Tied to the water for reproduction |
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| ○ Freed from the water for reproduction. Cold-blooded animals = ectotherm. Do not maintain internal temperature |
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| Endothermic: harness metabolic energy to generate heat & maintain a body temperature. Adapted for FLIGHT |
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| Separated by hair and milk production |
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| Three main groups of mammals |
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Definition
Monotremes: egg laying
Marsupials: pouched mammals
Eutherians: Placentals - Offspring are retained internally much longer then others. |
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| Pressure detection system along the length of their body |
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| no exchange of genetic material, the creation clones |
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| PROKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION (“two divide”) |
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| gene carrying structure - a long piece of DNA |
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| a sequence of events centered around the division of the cell. |
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| 90% of the cells time. chromosomes are diffuse in the nucleus – called CHROMATIN |
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| cell increases its supply of proteins and organelles, and grows in size |
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| DNA synthesis phase, where the DNA is replicated |
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| prep for cell division – synthesis of more proteins and metabolites specifically necessary for cell division. |
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