Hermaphrodites

Klinefelter syndrome

• an extra X chromosome (XXY) in male
• may be mildly retarded

Turner syndrome

• cause by only one X chromosome (XO) in a female
• at risk for medical complications because their genes are weaker
• spatial and math difficulties
• infertility

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Gender roles

Sexual orientation

Homosexual

Heterosexual

Homophobia

• a cluster of negative attitudes and feelings toward gay people, inclduing intolerance, hatred and fear
• •attitudes are more common among traditional males who hold a fundamentalist religious orientation
• •Politically conservative college students are more accepting of negative attitudes toward gay people than are liberal students

Agape

• selfless love; a kind of loving that is similar to generosity and charity.
• wish to shares one's bounty and is epitomized by anonymous donations of money.
• love least frequently found btween adults in committed relationships

Philia

Eros

Infatuation

Consummate love

intimacy + passion+ commitment

a complete love consisting of all three components an ideal difficult to attain

to be that love associated with the “perfect couple

Empty love

Selfless love

Gender identity

Gender assignment

Cryptorchidism

SRY gene

stands for sex determining region Y gene is also connected with sexual differentiation.

involved in anatomic sex determination in humans, leading to formation of the testes.

Sox 9

Sex reassignment

Health professionals conduct evaluations

• this happens in 1 in 2000-5000 girls with a single X sex chromosome who lose some X sex chromosomal material
• girls develop masculinized external genitals and are sometimes raised as boys, sometimes as girls.

Attraction-similarity hypothesis

• the view that people tend to develop romantic relationshps with poeple who are simlar to themselves in factors such as physical attractiveness, cultural background, personality traits, and interest.
• •Exceptions occur when lack of  attractiveness is compensated for by other factors
  •Matching can apply to similarity in ethnicity, age, educational level, and religion

Psychological androgyny

Kinsey’s scale

• kinsey and his clleagues conceived of a 7 point heteroseual-homosexual continuum that classifies people according to their homosexual behavior and the magnitude of their attraction to memmebers of their own gender. people in category 0, who accounted for most of kinsey's study participants, were considered exclusively heterosexual. people in category 6 were considered exclusively homosexual

• Rating	Description
  0	Exclusively heterosexual
  1	Predominantly heterosexual, only incidentally homosexual
  2	Predominantly heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual
  3	Equally heterosexual and homosexual
  4	Predominantly homosexual, but more than incidentally heterosexual
  5	Predominantly homosexual, only incidentally heterosexual
  6	Exclusively homosexual
  X	Non-sexual[3]

ABCDE model

the view that romantic relationships encompass five stages or phases:

attraction: when two ppl become aware of each other and find one another appealing or enticing.

•Good mood

•Physical attractiveness

•Similarity in attitudes

•Mutual liking

building:   •Small talk

•Superficial conversation

•Allows exchange of information

•“Name, rank and serial number”

•Stresses breadth of topic coverage rather than in-depth discussion

•Allows people to explore similarities and attractions

continuation: •Intimacy

•Feelings of closeness and connectedness that are marked by sharing one’s inmost thoughts and feelings

•Key ingredient to passionate relationship

•Intimate relationships involve trust, caring, and acceptance

•Can be emotionally intimate without being sexually intimate

deterioration: •Factors that can lead to the dissolution of a relationship include

•Boredom

•Negative evaluation of partner

•Forgetting or ignoring important dates

•Perceived inequity in the relationship

•General dissatisfaction

•Jealousy

termination (ending) •Reasons for ending relationships

•Partners find little satisfaction in the affiliation

•Barriers to leaving the relationship are low

•Alternative partners are available

•Problems in communication exist

•Jealousy

• men tend to be more reluctant than woman to make commitments.

Gender nonconformity

• not behaving in a way that is consistent with the gender role sterotype associated with one's anatomic sex in a given culture.
• begins in childhood

Monozygotic twins and homosexuality

52% of identical (MZ) twin pairs were found to be concordant ( in agreement) for a gay male sexual orientation, as compared with 22% of fraternal twins and only 11% of adoptive brothers.

the twins greater concordance for a gay sexual orientation may at least in part reflect environmental factors.

Psychoanalytic and homosexuality

• •Gay male or lesbian sexual orientation results from unsuccessful resolution of the Oedipus complex (for boys) and Electra complex (for girls)
  •Unresolved castration anxiety plays a role in gay male sexual orientation

Sexual differentiation

the process by which males and females develop distinct reproductive anatomy.

male hormones.

without androgens, we would all develop female external reproductive organs.

the most important androgen is testosterone.

small amounts of androgens are produced in female fetuses, but they are not normally sufficent to cause male sexual differentiation.

Attributes of a healthy committed relationship (Sternberg)

• intimacy:
  •Feelings of closeness, bondedness, and connectedness
  •Desire to share one’s innermost thoughts with the other
  •Desire to give and receive emotional support
• passion:
  •Intense romantic or sexual desire for another person, which is accompanied by physiological arousal
• commitment:
  •Commitment to maintain the relationship despite potential hardships

• •Nonlove-

  •All components of love are absent
• •Liking
• intimacy is present
• passioin and commitment are absent
• friendship love
• infatuation
• love at first sight
• passion is present
• intimacy and commitment are absent
• empty
• commitment is present
• passion and intimacy are absent
• romantic
•  

when you walk away from a argument to aviod confrontation with the other person.

is a refusal to communicate or cooperate