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Exam 4
material from exam 4
26
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 2
05/11/2012

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Term
complete genome sequence in.....
Definition
2003
Term
bioinformatics
Definition
study of genome sequence
Term
structure of nucleus (4)
Definition
1.double lipid bilayer = nuclear envelope
2.continuous with rER
3.rER lumen continuous with perinuclear space
4.nuclear lamina=layer of inermediate filaments
Term
nuclear pore complex
Definition
greater than 100 proteins
facilitated and active
Term
NLS
Definition
Nuclear Localization Signal
never cleaved
Term
4 phases of cell cycle
Definition
1.Mitotic
2.Gap 1
3.DNA Synthesis
4.Gap 2
Term
4 phases of mitosis
Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/Cytokinesis
Term
restriction points
Definition
G1
G2-M
Meta-Ana
Term
G1 restriction influences
Definition
GF
nutrients
cell size
DNA damage
(stop will go to G0)
Term
G2-M restriction influences
Definition
cell size
DNA damage
DNA replication
(if not synthesized will stop here)
Term
Meta-Ana restriction influences
Definition
chromosome attachment to spindle
Term
Cdk
Definition
Cyclin dependent kinase
active when mitotic cyclin present
stimulates nuclear envelope breakdown,chromosome condensation, mitotic spindle formation, protein degradation
Term
G1-Cdk
Definition
activated by G1 cyclin
activates kinases
can't activate will go to G0
Term
Program cell death sequence
Definition
1.chromosome condense/cyto shrink
2.nucleus fragement/DNA digested/cyto fragments/blebs
3.phagocytosis
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
no specificity
requires primer
move 3'->5'
elongation 5'->3'
Term
replication fork
Definition
left side: top continuous/bottom lagging
right side: top lagging/bottom continuous
lagging=okazaki fragments
Term
ribosome structure
Definition
small = 30s
large = 50s
exit site
peptidyl site
aminoacyl site
Term
anticodon brings in correct codon with help of ___________?
Definition
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Term
wobble hypothesis
Definition
3 base pairing has flexibility at 5'
(inosine used is modified base)
Term
Shine-Dalgarno
Definition
ribsome binding site on the mRNA
Term
elongation factors
Definition
proteins facilitate placement of next tRNA and requires GTP
Term
ribozyme
Definition
enzyme helping the placement of the P site aa on the A site aa
comes from the ribsome
Term
stop codon
Definition
release factor with GTP and blows all apart
Term
control elements
Definition
regulatory proteins including transcription factors
Term
2 categories of transcription factors
Definition
1. general TF = needed in all cells
Na/K, clathrin, tubulin......
2. regulatory TF = specific proteins
Term
epigenetics
Definition
hereitable changes in gene expression or cell phenotype not caused by changes in the DNA sequence

1.DNA methylation
2.histone modification
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