Term
| How do we define abnormality |
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Definition
| One way to define normal and abnormal is to use a statistical definition. Frequently occurring behavior would be considered normal, and behavior that is rare would be abnormal. There are several ways to approach the word…. Average– people can deviate from the average and not be considered sick or mentally ill. Ideal– it difficult to agree on what ideal actually is. Personal discomfort– some who suffer from mental illness do not feel personal discomfort. Functioning– funcitoning in day-to-day life. Legal– sanity is a legal but not psychological term and varies across jurisdiciotns |
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Term
| Is “insanity” a psychological term? |
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Definition
| sanity is a legal but not psychological term and varies across jurisdiciotns |
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Term
| Do suicide bombers have psychological disorders? What motivates them to commit such an act? |
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Definition
| No, their culture teaches them that it is showing loyalty to their religion. / Religious groups whose leaders constantly seek to inspire potential bombers |
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Term
| What system do psychologists use to classify psychological disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Clinical Disorders- These include all categories of MI except the 2 that are reserved for Axis 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality & retardation- personality d/o and MR are listed because these categories are enduring and are believed to last a lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| : General Medical- is used to list any medical conditions believed to be related to mental illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychosocial & Environment- the psychologist lists life stressors that might contribute to or decrease the recovery rate from MI |
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Term
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Definition
| Global Function- is for the GAF score, which is based on a scale of 1-100 and is based on overall functionin |
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Term
| What are some criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR? |
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Definition
| labeled mental illness is necessary for insurance purposes to receive treatment, but the stigma of the labels can be detrimental for individuals. Self-fulfilling prophesy. Social stigma attached to labels, Stereotypes, Discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| patients omitted to hospital for "hearing voices" and are told they must stay for longer than expected |
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Term
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Definition
| The eating disorder, anorexia, in which individuals starve themselves to become thin, is typically found only in Western cultures such as the United States and Great Britain. There is some evidence that the incidence rates in other non-Western cultures are changing as exposure to Western culture through the media increases |
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Term
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Definition
| Found primarily in China and a few other South Asian and East Asian countries, koro involves a fear that one’s genitals are shrinking |
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Term
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Definition
| occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functions |
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Term
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Definition
| irrational fears of specific objects or situations |
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Term
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Definition
| - Anxiety disorder that takes the form of a panic attack lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours |
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Term
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Definition
| of a long term, persistent anxiety and worry |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent, unwanted, THOUGHT or idea that keeps reoccurring |
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Term
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Definition
| - an irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out an act that seems strange and unreasonable. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological difficulties that take on a physical form, but for which there is no medical cause |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and preoccupation with their health |
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Term
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Definition
| a major disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a persons personality that are normally integrated |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| )- a disorder in which a person displays charicteristics of two or more distinct personalities |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which a significant, selectively memory loss occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| - A form of amniseia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on every day living |
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Term
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Definition
| a severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability |
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Term
| Are there any differences in who develops depression? (Men v. women, young v. old?) |
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Definition
| women are more likely to experience depression and increasingly younger ages are experiencing depression |
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Term
| -Are depression rates increasing or decreasing? |
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Definition
| Increasing 3x in some countries |
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Term
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Definition
| An extended state of intense, wild elation |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression |
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Term
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Definition
| inappropriate laughter and giggling, silliness, incoherent speech, infantile behavior, strange and sometimes obscene behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| delusions and hallucinations of persecution or of greatness, loss of judgment, erratic and unpredictable behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Major disturbances in movement; in some phases, loss of all motion with patient frozen into a single position, remaining that way for hours and sometimes even days; in other phases, hyperactivity and wild, sometimes violent movement |
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Term
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Definition
| variable mixture of major symptoms of schizophrenia; classification used for patients who cannot be typed into any of the more specific categories |
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Term
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Definition
| unshakeable, false beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| seeing or hearing things that don’t exist |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent, rigid, maladaptive behavior interfering with normal social interaction |
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Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
shows no regard for moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others
Lacks guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing
Impulsive
Manipulative
Begins to break social norms as a child
As a teen à lying, stealing, hurting animals and people...
Often show no remorse. |
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Term
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Definition
moody, unstable, unclear sense of identity, clings to others
Very impulsive– especially in behaviors involving self harm such as substance abuse, cutting, & suicide
Major fear of abandonment
Frantically attempts to prevent any abandonment |
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Term
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance. Expect special treatment from others , Inability to experience empathy for others |
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Term
| Understand the psychodynamic (Freudian) approach |
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Definition
| Therapy that seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively |
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Term
| do psychodynamic psychologists believe is the root cause of disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a technique that tells patients to say aloud whatever comes to mind, regardless of irrelevance or senselessness then the analyst attempts to label connections between unconscious conflicts and problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| - examines dreams to find clues to unconscious conflicts and problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the transfer to a psychoanalysts feeling of love or anger that had been originally directed to patients parents or authority figures |
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Term
| How does contemporary psychodynamic therapy differ from traditional psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
| It is much shorter lasting the months or 20 sessions and focuses on past history and childhood. |
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Term
| behavioral approaches to therapy |
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Definition
| Treatment approaches that build on the basic processes of learning such as reinforcement and extinction. Assume behaviors that are normal and abnormal are learned |
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Term
| What do behavioral psychologists believe is the root cause of disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by paring an aversive, unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a behavior technique in which gradual exposure to anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| - a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted, either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus they fear |
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Term
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Definition
| rewards a person for desired behavior with a token such as a poker chip or some kind of play money. |
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Term
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Definition
| the therapist and client draw up a written agreement. Contract states a series of behavior goals the client hopes to achieve. |
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Term
| Cognitive approach to therapy |
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Definition
| Treatment that teaches people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves |
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Term
| do cognitive psychologists believe is the root cause of disorders? |
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Definition
| Ideological thoughts and beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing attitudes, one of the social concepts of psychology |
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Term
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Definition
| The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| offered 1$ to describe a boring task as interesting while other were paid 20$ |
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Term
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Definition
| Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade. Logic, Merit, and strength of argument |
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Term
| Peripheral Route processing |
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Definition
| Message interpertaion characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than the message itself |
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Term
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Definition
| given the arguments for the other side can be effectively refuted and the audience is knowledgeable about the topic |
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Term
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Definition
| includes both the communicators position and one he or she is arguing against |
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Term
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Definition
| causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors. |
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Term
| fundamental attribution theory |
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Definition
| figuring out why a person behaves the way he or she does, Based on samples of an individual’s behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| First impression is good; therefore you think the person is uniformly good |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people |
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Term
| Solomon Aschs 1951 expiriment |
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Definition
| n a control group, with no pressure to conform to an erroneous view, only one subject out of 35 ever gave an incorrect answer. Solomon Asch hypothesized that the majority of people would not conform to something obviously wrong; however, when surrounded by individuals all voicing an incorrect answer, participants provided incorrect responses on a high proportion of the questions (32%). Seventy-five percent of the participants gave an incorrect answer to at least one question. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in behavior in response to the command of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| experiment that tested weather or not people would press the button to shock the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self- sacrifice. |
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Term
| diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| The tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared or diffused , among those present |
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Term
| What happened to Kitty Genovese? Why? |
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Definition
| Genovese got stabbed and screamed for help and nobody offered help even the 40 people in her apartment complex. The that that there were so many helpers lead to each individual to feel diminished personal responsibility |
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