Term
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Definition
-downslope movement of regolith (cover on top of bedrock) & masses of rock under the pull of gravity
-gravity major force, water & other agents play secondary roles
-basic part of rock cycle
-all mass wasting take place on slopes
-continum of interacting proceses |
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Term
| Gravitational Stress vs. Slope Shear Strength |
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Definition
-when forces of gravity on a slope exceeds the shear strength of the slope, slop will fail
-slop fails=mass wasting occurs |
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Term
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Definition
vector pointing towards the center of the earth
-one parrallel to surface (gt)
-one perpendicular to surface (gp) |
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Term
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Definition
sudden failure, downslope transfer of relatively coherent masses of rock or rock debris
(rapidly & sometimes long distances)
-slumping=slow (common)
-sliding=debris (intermediate, long distances,steep hills-fracture/weakens in rocks)
-falling=of rocks (fast)
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Term
Angle of Respose
(Slope Failures) |
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Definition
steepest angle that slope can maintain, before mass-wasting occurs
-Unconsolidated Material= ranges from 25-40*
-mass wasting process the slopes to adjust themselves, many factors change slope |
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Term
Equililbrum Point
(Slop Failures) |
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Definition
| any steeper, and the surface-parallel force of gravity will overcome the shear strength |
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Term
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Definition
downslope flow of mixture of solid material, air, water
(based on velocity & concertations of particles) |
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Term
Slurry Flows
(sediment flows) |
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Definition
moving mass of water saturated sediment
-solifluation/gelifluction
-debris flow
-mudflow |
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Term
| Solifluction/ Gelifuction |
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Definition
occur in any climate where ground saturated w/ water
common in area of permafrost
(year round frozen ground) |
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Term
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Definition
water, mud, big block material, soupy= flows spreadout
(wet concrete)
(large/small sediments) |
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Term
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Definition
most fluid (lowest velosity), move most rapidly
(km/hr)
50% slit & clay size mater, 30% water
(very dangerous, destroy structures, most soupy) |
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Term
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Definition
not water saturated, mixture of sediment air, water-
(grain to grain contact or grain collision important)
-creep
-earthflow
-grain flow
-debris avalanche |
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Term
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Definition
-most damage
-most material moved (slow)
-seen everywhere (temp area) |
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Term
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Definition
-weakness on bedding plane
-slump scars
-convey=top
-convex=buttom |
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Term
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Definition
-most common in sand domrs
-angle repose
-forces material downslope
-no moisture |
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Term
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Definition
material releasing itself mass material (rocks)
-fast moving |
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Term
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Definition
| mass wasting events con be combination of any of the various process |
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Term
Submarine Mass Wasting
(more) |
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Definition
| still move down, water easy transport |
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Term
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Definition
-slope graident
-weathering and climate
-water content
-Vegetation
-geology and slop stability
-event triggering mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
can be over steepend by tsunmi
-natural causes such as stream & wave erison undercutting slopes
-human activity ( road cuts, hillside construction) |
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Term
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Definition
weathering: disaggregates & disintegrates bedrock, reducing shear strength & promoting mass wasting
climate: controls type & rate of weatering
(rockfalls are more likely in area subject to frost wedges) |
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing water content, Decreases the stability of slope |
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Term
| Geology and Slope Stability |
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Definition
| bedding planes & fractures serve as zone of weakness |
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Term
| Even triggering mechanisms |
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Definition
-excesssive amounts of water
-earthquake
-volcantic eruptions
-vibrations
-noise |
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