Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The most abundant plasma protien is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are produced by B-lymphocytes and plasma cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Albumin functions in _____. |
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Definition
| colloidal osmotic pressure |
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Term
| The acute-phase proteins are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a beta globulin that is a pro-inflammatory protein & a coagulation factor. |
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Definition
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Term
| The difference between plasma & serum is _____. |
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Definition
| whether or not they contain coagulation factors |
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Term
| (plasma or serum) DOES contain coagulation factors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The major protein absent from serum is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the principal force opposing the exit of fluids from the vascular system. |
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Definition
| colloidal osmotic pressure |
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Term
| _____ is the protein most responsible for colloidal osmotic pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| A decrease in albumin in the blood vessel will cause water to move _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in _____ cause shifts between ECF & ICF. |
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Definition
| extracellular (serum) osmolality |
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Term
| Hypoosmolality results from a _____ in extracellular sodium. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypoosmolality will cause water to move _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest of blood cells are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary role of platelets is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelets circulate in the blood for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| RBCs circulate in the blood _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood volume _____ proportionately with lean body mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hematocrit is calculated by cell _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are _____ nonlymphoid cell types. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are _____ major lymphoid cell types. |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythropoietin is produced by the fetal liver & adult _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal cells produce Epo in response to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The role of erythropoietin is _____. |
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Definition
| stimulate replication & differentiation of BFU-E to CFU-E |
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Term
| Anemia from chronic renal failure is caused by _____. |
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Definition
| decreased Epo production, thus decreased RBC production |
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Term
| CFU-E differentiates into a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| After rubriblast formation, two things happen: |
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Definition
(1) mitosis
(2) mRNA production |
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Term
| Rubriblasts become _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleus is extruded from the metarubricyte, resulting in an anucleated _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The loss of nucleus & mRNA results in the loss of _____. |
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Definition
| the ability to produce hemoglobin & enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RBC lifespan of cattle & horses |
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Definition
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Term
| 10% of RBCs undergo lysis as they travel through capillary vessels, called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemoglobin freed during intravascular hemolysis binds to _____ and is engulfed by mononuclear phagocytic system. |
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Definition
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Term
| 90% of RBCs are directly phagocytized by the mononuclear phagocytic system, called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Globin from RBC hemolysis is _____. |
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Definition
| broken down into A.A. for future protein synthesis |
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Term
| Iron from RBC hemolysis is _____. |
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Definition
| stored as ferritin or hemosiderin OR transferred to bone marrow for hemoglobin synthesis |
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Term
| Heme from RBC hemolysis is _____. |
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Definition
| transformed to biliverdin then bilirubin and excreted |
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Term
| Hemoglobin can bind a maximum of _____ oxygen molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood is bright red when _____. |
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Definition
| hemoglobin is saturated, as in arterial blood |
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Term
| Blood is dark bluish-red when _____ |
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Definition
| little or no oxygen is bound, as in venous blood |
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Term
| There are _____ types of hemoglobin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal hemoglobin is better than adult hemoglobin at _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Those species (dogs, pigs, horses) that do not have fetal hemoglobin contain _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2,3-DPG functions to _____. |
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Definition
| reduce oxygen affinity for hemoglobin |
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Term
| The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shows a right shift after _____. |
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Definition
| increased Temp, [H], CO2, and 2,3-DPG |
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Term
| Incomplete hemoglobin synthesis causes additional mitosis and thus _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Iron deficiency causes decreased hemoglobin, which leads to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two antioxidant pathways: |
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Definition
(1) pentose shunt
(2) methemoglobin reductase pathway |
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Term
| There are _____ major neutrophil pools. |
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Definition
4:
(1) CFU-G
(2) proliferating/mitotic pool
(3) maturation/postmitotic pool
(4) storage pool |
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Term
| neutrophil blood circulation time |
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Definition
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Term
| lymphocyte blood circulation time |
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Definition
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Term
| monocyte blood circulating time |
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Definition
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Term
| eosinophil blood circulating time |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanisms for increased neutrophil production: |
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Definition
(1) increased stem cell recruitment
(2) increased effective granulopoiesis
(3) shortened maturation time |
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Term
| _____ (chemical) play a role in neutrophil rolling. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ (chemical) play a role in neutrophil activation. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ (chemical) play a role in neutrophil firm adhesion. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ (chemical) plays a role in neutrophil transmigration/diapedesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrophils function in _____. |
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Definition
| phagocytosis & killing of bacteria |
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Term
| Neutrophils function in _____. |
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Definition
| production & release of inflammatory mediators |
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Term
| Neutrophils function in _____. |
|
Definition
| tissue damage in sterile inflammation |
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Term
| Neutrophil granule contents: |
|
Definition
myeloperoxidase
lysozyme
collagenase
gelatinase
lactoferrin |
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Term
| Eosinophil production is stimulated mainly by _____; also, by _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Eosinophils function in _____. |
|
Definition
the elimination of parasites
promotion of inflammation
suppression of hypersensitivity/allergies |
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Term
| The granules of eosinophils are _____. |
|
Definition
(1) major basic protein
(2) eosinophil cationic protein
(3) arylsulfatase B
(4) histaminase |
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Term
| _____ are rare circulating granulocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are sparse in mammals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Basophil production is stimulated by _____, also by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ migrate into tissues and THEN differentiate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Basophils & mast cells function in _____. |
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Definition
elimination of parasites
allergic & hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
| Basophils & mast cells produce _____. |
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Definition
| heparin, histamine, bradykinin, seratonin, lysosomal enzymes, inflammatory cytokines |
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Term
| Granules are released from basophils & mast cells after binding of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immediate granular response consists of _____. |
|
Definition
| release of histamine from damaged cells = vasodilation & increased vascular permeability |
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Term
| Late phase response of mast cell degranulation consists of _____. |
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Definition
| the release of cytokine & chemokine |
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Term
| Pre-B lymphocyte processing occurs in _____. |
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Definition
| the bone marrow of mammals & bursa of birds |
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Term
| Differentiation of pre-B cells to mature lymphocytes occurs _____. |
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Definition
| in secondary lymphoid tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _____ have the unique ability to recirculate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recirculation of lymphocytes _____. |
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Definition
| promotes antigen sensitization of naive lymphocytes and detection of transformed cells |
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Term
| B lymphocytes function in _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T-lymphocytes & B-lymphocytes function in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes & NK cells _____. |
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Definition
| kill virus-infected & neoplastic cells by inducing apoptosis |
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Term
| _____ distribute between marginated & circulating pools. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood transit time for monocytes is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tissue life span of monocytes ranges from _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of monocytes & macrophages is to _____. |
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Definition
| phagocytize & digest foreign particulate material and dead cells |
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Term
| _____ are a major source of CSFs & cytokines. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
stimulate hematopoiesis
promote inflammation |
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Term
| Non-specific (innate) immunity includes _____. |
|
Definition
| mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and NK cells |
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Term
| Specific (acquired) immunity includes _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| first step in primary hemostasis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| second step in primary hemostasis |
|
Definition
| shape change of platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
| granule release from platelets |
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Term
| fourth step of hemostasis |
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Definition
| recruitment of other platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The granular contents of platelets are _____. |
|
Definition
| calcium, ADP, fibrinogen, vWF, seratonin, and coagulation factors 5 & 8 |
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|
Term
| The two main types of receptors on platelets are _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ADP induces conformational change on the _____ receptor. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The intrinsic pathway is activated by _____. |
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Definition
| negatively-charged substances |
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Term
| The extrinsic pathway is activated by _____. |
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Definition
| the release of tissue factor from damaged tissue |
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Term
| The coagulation factors involved in the intrinsic pathway are _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The coagulation factors involved in the extrinsic pathway are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common pathway includes the coagulation factors _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrinogen (factor 1) is converted to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Soluble fibrin is converted to _____ by factor 13. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the major inhibitor of coagulation enzymes. |
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Definition
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