Term
| Coastal Plain Southern Pine Region |
|
Definition
- Some of the most intensively managed forests in the world
- 100 million acres of pines
- Most productive land in the country
- 2/3's of the nations pulping capacity
- Humid, subtropical, frequent droughts
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "East meets West"
- Characteristics of eastern and western forests
- Paper birch, quaking aspen and white spruce trees are remnants of forests left from 8000 years ago.
|
|
|
Term
Middle and Southern Rocky Mountain Region
|
|
Definition
- Most land is range and pasture
- 75% of commercial forest land is public
- Multiple use -timber, water mgmt, grazing, rec.
- 6000' is average lower limit for trees
- area below is too dry
- Semi-arid
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Broken topography
- 2 major mountain ranges-Coastal Rand and Sierra Nevada Mts
- Variety of climates:subtropical, arid, humid, maritime
- Fogbelt is moist year round
|
|
|
Term
| Northern Rocky Mountain Region |
|
Definition
- Largest unbroken areas of forest in the lower 48
- Rough terrain, poor in soils, high elevations
- Western slopes in the north have coastal climate
- Lightening is the biggest cause of forest fires
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Around the Great Lakes
Large variety of forest industries
Many Lakes and lowlands
Lakes influence temperature and rainfall
Drought Stops the westward limit of trees |
|
|
Term
| Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Region |
|
Definition
Associated with Miss. River and major river drainage
Typically flat with slight variations in elevations
High rainfall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Important component of the "Fog Belt"
Extends inland only a limited distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in Coastal Range and Sierras |
|
|
Term
| Ponderosa pine Forest Type |
|
Definition
Bark is characteristic-if wet appears orange
2000' with Gray pine
7000' with Douglus fir
Mid ranges-Jeffrey Pine
Thick bark make the type less susceptible to fire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dwarf Mistletoe is a major problem
Very tolerant |
|
|
Term
| Incense-cedar Forest Type |
|
Definition
Not widespread
Often found on river flats but usually above redwood coastal sites. |
|
|
Term
| sugar pine-Pinus lambertiana |
|
Definition
Sweet resin exudes from heartwood
Largest of the American pines
"King of Pines" for its beauty
Cones 10-21" long
White pine blister rust |
|
|
Term
| Jeffrey pine-Pinus jeffreyi |
|
Definition
Was considered variety of ponderosa pine
Bark smells of pineapple or vanilla
Grows on poor sites
Chipmunks cache nearly all fallen seeds within a day. |
|
|
Term
| Coulter pine-Pinus coulteri |
|
Definition
shiny blue-green needles 8-12"
Largest cones of any American pine 4-5lbs |
|
|
Term
| Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Region |
|
Definition
Associated with Miss. River and major river drainage
Typically flat with slight variations in elevations
High rainfall |
|
|
Term
| gray pine-Pinus sabiniana |
|
Definition
Large cones, strong points
Sparse foliage helps it on dry sites
Can survive on as little as 10" precipitation |
|
|
Term
| Torrey pine-Pinus torreyana |
|
Definition
Smallest range of American Pine
One of the rarest native conifer
Only hard pine with 5 needles
Cones can remain on tree for 15 years |
|
|
Term
| radiata pine-Pinus radiata |
|
Definition
Limited commercial value in US
Most widely planted tree in the world
Widely planted in NZ, Australia, S. Africa, Chile |
|
|
Term
| Intermountain bristlecone pine-Pinus longaeva |
|
Definition
Oldest known living thing-4800+ years old
Used for tree ring research
Short needles in groups of 5 held up to 40 years |
|
|
Term
| California red fir-Abies magnifica |
|
Definition
Shasta red fir is a variety in N. California
Valuable Christmas tree |
|
|
Term
| Redwood-Sequoia sempervirens |
|
Definition
Tallest tree in the world
Can regenerate clonally as well by seed
Restricted by California fogbelt
Heart wood is mostly decay resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest tree in the worlds
3200-3300 years old
Only in Sierra-Nevada Mts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small but dense wood like cherry
Ornamental
Widely distributed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most valued hardwood species in the western US
One of the most expensive woods in the Us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Considered a link between the chestnut and acorns like the oak
Indians obtained one of their principal foods from this tree. |
|
|
Term
| Ponderosa Pine Forest Type |
|
Definition
Native to every state in region
Lowest elevational distribution
Ponderosa pine and spruce-fir types make up 57% of the forested land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ponderosa pine and spruce-fir types make up 57% of the forested land |
|
|
Term
| Lodgepole Pine Forest Type |
|
Definition
| Overstocked pure stands "dog hair stands" not commercial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cool, moist sites
Vegetative propagation is common |
|
|
Term
| Pinyon-Juniper Forest Type |
|
Definition
Large area but not usually commercial
Lowest elevations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Long-lived, slow grower
1650 year old tree
Clark's nutcracker and limber pine depend on each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grows at low elevations mixed with junipers
Nuts are edible - most valuable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blue green needle colour
light wood with resonant qualities
major element of high evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of the most symmetrical tree in NA
Highly prized ornamental
Not abundant, used for xmas tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False hemlock (also not a fir)
Valuable commercial species
greatest latitude range of any conifers
Distinctive cones-look like rat tails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 varieties:California & Rocky Mnt White fir
High Mountain tree
attacked by mistletoe or rot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Subalpine to semiarid
Round bluish berry-like cones
Aromatic woods used for cedar chests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spreads rapidly from root sprouts that grow from vast underground structures called lignotubes
Can Result in groves that can cover entire mountainsides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large to very large tree
Attains best growth "Inland Empire"
white pine blister rust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 races of varieties:
-Coastal Race or Shore pine
-Sierra-Cascade Race
-Rocky Mountain-Intermountain Race |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest of the NA larches and one of the most important species of the inland empire
Source of arabinogalactan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest hemlock
One of the most common trees in the PNW
Drooping branches
Source of alpha cellulose (cellophane and plastics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the tallest true firs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High altitude species
Valuable for water shed protection
smallest of the western firs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large to very large
largest at 21' in diameter, 2nd only to Giant Sequoia
used for totem poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most widely distributed pine in Canada - Also in Lake States and Maine
Grows farther north than any other American pine.
Poor self pruning - scraggly appearance
Breeding area for Kirtland’s warbler, a rare and endangered species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Includes elms (Ulmus) and
hackberries (Celtis)
Tend to have asymmetrical leaves.
So Many Ulmus susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease me of the most useful and well-known forest and ornamental trees of the northern hemisphere
Twigs are slightly zigzag
Leaves are alternate and have unequal bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Large tree with spreading habit
interlocked grain difficult to split
Once planted widely along streets (#1 street tree)
- fast growing, hardy, tolerant to stress
Dutch elm disease (Ceratocystis ulmi) introduced in 1930s on logs from Europe.
Spread by native elm bark beetles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inner bark has a slime once used as a medicine
More resistant to Dutch Elm Disease- but still killed
Same uses as American elm but wood is inferior |
|
|
Term
| American basswood or linden |
|
Definition
Large tree with a long trunk
Prolific sprouter - often results in clumps of trees
Soft light wood – used for boxes, furniture, pulpwood
Wood used for musical instruments
Good honey – also called bee tree |
|
|
