Term
| what is a muscle controlled by in a simple reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| what types of neurons are in the neuron pool? |
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Definition
| alpha and gamma motor neurons |
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Term
| what do alpha neurons do? |
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Definition
| control motor units that generate force |
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Term
| what are the fibers controlled by the gamma motor neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do extrafusal fibers cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do gamma motor neurons control? |
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Definition
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Term
| what fibers do gamma motor neurons control? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are muscle fibers also innervated by? |
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Definition
| stretch sensitive la afferent neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| large spinal neurons that innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers of vertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
| contractile muscle fibers that make up the bulk of skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the motor axons innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers of spindle organs |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle fibers within a muscle spindle organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that can interact with receptor molecules and mimic the action of an endogenous signaling molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscle acting in opposition to the movement of another muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| small inhibitory interneurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord that are excited by terminals of a alpha motor neuron axons and that feed back to the motor pool |
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Term
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Definition
| tenson- sensing nerve organs of the 1b- afferent fibers found in muscle tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| the blood of invertebrates with open circulatory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| a space between ectoderm and endoderm that contains blood (hemolymph) in many invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood goes to the whole body |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood away from the heart (oxygenated) |
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Term
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Definition
| a tiny branch of an artery, the one nearest to the capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| a small vessel that connects a capillary bed with a vein |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood to the heart (unoxygenated) |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid between the cells or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a chamber that gives entrance to another structure or organ |
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Definition
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Definition
| a mass of specialized cardiac tissue that lies at the junction of the superior vena cava wtih the right atrium and acts as the pacemaker of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized conduction tissuenin the heart that, along with perkinje fibers, forms a bridge for electrical conduction of excitation waves from the atria to the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| an excitable cell or tissue that fires spontaneously and rhythmically |
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Term
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Definition
| the main artery leaving the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the spontaneous and rhythmic depolarization produced by pacemaker tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the junctional region between two connected cardiac muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| the conducting tissue within the interventricular septum of the mammalian heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a record of electrical events associated with contractions of the heart, typically obtained with electrodes placed on the surface of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| that portion of the ECG associated with the depolarization of the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| that portion of the EC associated with depolarization of the ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| that portion of the ECG associated with repolarization (and usually relaxation) of the ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the rate or frequency, especially in reference to the heartbeat. |
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Definition
| pertaining to the strength of contraction of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during a heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during a heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time, = heartrate x stroke volume |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction in which the force generated remians constant while the muscle shortens |
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Term
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Definition
| the sac of connective tissue that encloses the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a membrane chamber attached to the heart that receives venous blood and transmits to the atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| the vessel connecting connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta in fetal mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern of turbulence-free flow of fluid in a vessel or past a moving object, a gradient of relative velocity exists which the fluid layers closest to the wall or object have the lowest relative velocity |
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Definition
| the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells; in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells; in humans, normally 40-50% |
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Definition
| the inner lining of blood vessel walls |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle layer of blood vessel walls, consisting of smooth muscle and elastic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the fibrous outer layer of blood vessel walls |
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Definition
| the tiny arteries and veins that supply nutrients to and remove waste products from the tissues in the walls of the large blood vessels |
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Definition
| a widening of the lumen, increasing blood flow |
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Definition
| contraction of the circular muscle of blood vessels, decreasing volume and increasing vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of air exchange between lungs and ambient air |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that catalzyses reversible interconversion of carbonic acid to cabon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoglobin in which the fe+3 has been oxidized to fe+2 |
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