Term
| Name the 3 regulators of Calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| Does PTH raise or lower Calcium levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Calcitonin raise or lower Calcium levels? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Calcium is involved in the neuromuscular system; it initiates muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organ converts Vit D3 to 25-hydroyl Vitamin D |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organ converts 25-hydroyl Vitamin D to the active form under the control of PTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Active Vitamin D target the intestines for? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
There are 4 parathyroid glands embedded in or near the thyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| Does low concentration or high concentration of Calcium trigger the release of PTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does low concentration or high concentration of Calcium trigger the release of Calcitonin? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
When there is high calcium and calcitonin is released, calcium is Excreted into the Urine |
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Definition
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Term
| When there is high calcium and calcitonin is released, calcium is excreted into the urin. What happens to the plasma calcium levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does HYPERcalcemia lead to? |
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Definition
Kidney stones
GI problems/anorexia
CNS symptoms
Bone demineralization |
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Term
| What is the #1 cause of HYPERcalcemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than Hyperparathyroidism, what are 2 other causes of HYPERcalcemia? |
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Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Drugs, inherited |
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Term
| In general, what happens to PO4 when Calcium increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| In general, what happens to PO4 when Calcium decreases? |
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Definition
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Term
| High PO4 in junk food and soda may cause plasma Calcium levels to be what? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following symptoms associated with:
Tetany
Heart dysfunction, confusion, bone fractures |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 6 causes of HYPOcalcemia? |
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Definition
Parathyroid dysfunction
Insufficient Vitamin D
Insufficient dietary Calcium
GI malabsorption
Kidney disease
Drugs |
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Term
| What is the cause of Primary HYPERparathyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Parathyroid tumor stimulate in Primary HYPERparathyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes excess Calcium to be sucked from bone, kidneys, and intestines? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following symptoms associated with:
Renal stones, renal damage, GI problems, CNS symptoms, bone fractures |
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Definition
| Primary HYPERparathyroidism |
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Term
| What is the #1 cause of elevated Calcium? |
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Definition
| Primary HYPERparathyroidism - Parathyroid tumor |
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Term
The following is seen in what kind of HYPERparathyroidism?
Increased Calcium
Decreased PO4
Increased PTH
Increased ALP |
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Definition
| Primary HYPERparathyroidism - Parathyroid tumor |
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Term
The following is seen in what kind of HYPERparathyroidism?
Decreased Calcium
Increased PO4
Increased PTH
Increased ALP |
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Definition
| Secondary HYPERparathyroidism - Vitamin D Deficiency or Renal Failure |
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Term
True or False:
In secondary hyperparathyroidism, decreased absorption of Calcium OR decreased tubular retention of Calcium turns on PTH |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
In secondary hyperparathyroidism, Plasma Calcium levels remain LOW despite HIGH levels of PTH |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Secondary HYPERparathyroidism cause in kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Secondary HYPERparathyroidism cause in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 most common causes of HYPOparathyroidism? |
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Definition
Accidental injury to parathyroid glands
Autoimmune disease |
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Term
True or False:
In HYPOparathyroidism, since PTH production is hampered, Calcium levels remain low |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Tetany may develop due to Hypoparathyroidism & Hypocalcemia |
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Definition
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Term
The following is seen in which disease/disorder:
Decreased PTH
Decreased Calcium
Increased PO4 |
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Definition
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Term
What will be increased in All of the following:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, & Hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
| Intraoperative PTH - levels are measured during surgery to determine extent and success of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Successful removal of hypersecreting tissue is indicated by at least a _____ decrease in the blood PTH level within 10 minutes after resection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Successful removal of hypersecreting tissue is indicated by at least a 50% decrease in the blood PTH level within how many minutes after resection. |
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Definition
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Term
What is associated with the following:
Breakdown product of bone cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| What does high levels of NTx in urine indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are high levels of NTx consistent with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Bone specific ALP? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to monitor the response to osteoporosis therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance does parathyroid hormone regulate in plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to raise Calcium, which two organs does PTH target? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to raise Calcium, what does PTH cause to happen? |
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Definition
Bone - release/secrete Calcium
Kidneys - Make Active Vitamin D and reabsorb more Calcium |
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Term
| What is the counter-regulatory hormone that serves to lower this substance? |
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Definition
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Term
For each of the following disorders, indicate if results will be increased, decreased, or normal:
Hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
Calcium - Increased
PO4 - Decreased
PTH - Increased
ALP - Increased |
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Term
For each of the following disorders, indicate if results will be increased, decreased, or normal:
Vitamin D Deficiency |
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Definition
Calcium - Decreased
PO4 - Increased
PTH - Increased
ALP - Increased |
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