Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to measure particle size |
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Definition
1. University of Wisconsin Oscillating Screen
2. Penn State Shaker Box |
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Term
| Ways to measure moisture determinations |
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Definition
1. Microwave Oven
2. Koster Tester
3. Vortex Dryer |
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Term
| Different Types of Manure |
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Definition
1. Splash and Splatter
2. Loose
3. Average or Normal
4. Firm
5. Thud or Crash` |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dried Distillers Grains
Protein; byproduct of ethanol |
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Definition
| Byproduct of high fructose corn syrup; high in starch but also contains protein and fiber |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the compartment of a ruminants stomach that ferments forages |
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Term
| Two categories of microbes |
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Definition
1. Fast acting, easy nutrient digesters
2. Slow-paced fiber digesters |
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Term
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Definition
| the feed that the cow does not desire to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of predictable reproductive events |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of sexual receptivity in the female |
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Term
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Definition
| many cycles occur throughout the year |
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Term
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Definition
| the female will ovulate every cycle whether a male is present or not |
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Term
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Definition
| having repeated estrous cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in a female when she does not display estrus, when cyclicity stops |
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Term
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Definition
| period from the regression of the CL to ovulation; follicles present; estrogen dominant |
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Term
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Definition
| period from ovulation until CL regression; Corpus luteum present; progesterone dominant |
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Term
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Definition
| Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone |
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Term
| Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone |
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH hormones that act on specific ovarian structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes follicular development and acts with LH to produce estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts with FSH to produce estrogen, is required for final stages of follicular development and maturation, and triggers ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the follicles that signals sexual behavior characteristics in females |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the CL and placenta during pregnancy that prevents estrus and ovulation and maintains pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the uterus that kills the CL/induces luteolysis of CL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primary sign of heat detection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the period in which a female is pregnant between conception and parturition |
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Term
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Definition
| number of days that a cow is pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fixed period of time (in days) following calving before attempting to breed a cow
- usu. between 50 to 60 days |
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Term
| Average Days to First Service |
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Definition
| the number of days between calving and when the cow is serviced again |
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Term
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Definition
| number of days between calving and conception |
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Term
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Definition
| period from one calving until the next |
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Term
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Definition
| total number of pregnant cows/total number of services (breedings) |
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Term
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Definition
| Total number of services (breedings)/Total number of pregnant cows |
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Term
| Heat Detection Rate (Service Rate) |
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Definition
| percentage of eligible cows (must be past the VWP) detected in heat during a 21 day period |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of eligible cows that become pregnant each 21 day cycle total # of cows pregnant/total # of opportunities to get cows pregnant -or- conception rate x heat detection rate |
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Term
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Definition
| interval from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum |
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Term
| Milk Fever/Parturient Paresis/Hypocalcemia |
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Definition
| disruption of mineral balance (calcium) |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of "ketones" in the bood |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the abomasum is no longer in the normal position and is displaced to the left side |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a reduction in rumen pH (5.0 or lower) caused by feeding too much readily fermentable carbohydrates relative to the amount of effective fiber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| metal accumulation in reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| Frothy gas accumulation in the rumen when it is difficult or impossible for the animal to eructate |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease common with over conditioned dry cows not eating after calving |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the mammary gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| failure to expel placenta within 12 hours of calving |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the udder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 categories of Estrus Detection Aids |
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Definition
1. Records
2. Rump Indicators
3. Electronic Aids
4. Teaser Animals |
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Term
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Definition
1. Confinement
2. Traditional Grazing
3. Rotational Grazing
4. Organic |
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Term
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Definition
| small section of pasture that animals graze and rotate every 12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of time when pasture is available for grazing, due to natural precipitation or irrigation |
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Term
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Definition
| beverages and some perishable manufactured products |
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Term
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Definition
| made into storable dairy products (butter, powder, and cheese) |
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Term
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Definition
| eligible for use as beverage (fluid) milk although most converted to manufactured dairy products |
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Term
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Definition
| can only be used for manufactured dairy products |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions in and around milking facility |
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Term
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Definition
| somatic cell count and bacteria count |
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Term
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Definition
| used for beverages (fluid) products |
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Term
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Definition
used for "soft" manufactured dairy products
- ice cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, sour cream, half & half, cream cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| used to manufacture "hard" cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| used to make butter and dry milk products |
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Term
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Definition
| measured the fat content of milk, directly established the amount of cream or butter that could be produced from milk and predicted cheese yields quite accurately |
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Term
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Definition
| cost processors incur to manufacture a particular dairy product and is part of the formula for establishing minimum milk prices |
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Term
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Definition
| National Ag Statistical Service |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the actual price dairy operators receive for their milk |
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Term
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Definition
| essentially the sole carbohydrate in milk |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical disruption of fat globules into smaller sizes to prevent cream separation |
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Term
| Fat content of whole milk |
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Definition
| greater than or equal to 3.25 |
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Term
| Sugar content of whole milk |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of Pasteurization |
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Definition
| to render milk safe (kills pathogens) but also extends shelf life |
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Term
| Percentage of food and water-borne illness that are due to dairy products |
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Definition
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Term
| How many pounds of milk to make 1 lb of Cheddar cheese |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| National Association of Animal Breeders |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| other cows of the same breed and in the same herd that calved near the same time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| average production for all cows (both milking and dry) in the herd for the most recent 365 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strip of land between conventional and organic producers to limit cross-contamination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Producer Price Differential |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| separates the cream from the skim milk |
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Term
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Definition
| adjusts fat content to a desired level |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 9 essential nutrients in milk |
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Definition
| 1. Calcium 2. Potassium 3. Phosphorous 4. Vitamin A 5. Vitamin D 6. Vitamin B12 7. Riboflavin 8. Niacin 9. Protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Moisture on a fat free basis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dairy Herd Information Association |
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Term
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Definition
| Somatic Cell Linear Score |
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Term
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Definition
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