Term
| What is the outer layer of the adrenal cortex called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inner layer of the adrenal cortex called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 hormones associated with the Medulla |
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Definition
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine |
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Term
| List the 3-4 hormones associated with the cortex |
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Definition
Mineralocorticoids/Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids/Cortisol
DHEAS/Androgens (Testosterone & Estriol) |
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Term
What is another name for:
Mineralocorticoids |
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Definition
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Term
What is another name for:
Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
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Term
| The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones from what type of precursor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone is controlled by what system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone is controlled in response to decreased levels of what? |
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Definition
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Term
What is associated with the following:
BP, Na & K regulation |
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Definition
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Term
What is associated with the following:
Glucose, fat, & protein regulation |
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Definition
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Term
What is associated with the following:
DHEAS, Testosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| What is critical for Na, K, Acid-Base Balance, & BP |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of Primary HYPERaldosteronism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of Secondary HYPERaldosteronism? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Hypertension, what chemical element is Increased? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Hypokalemia, what 2 chemical elements are Decreased? |
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Definition
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Term
What disorder are the following symptoms associated with:
Fatigue, muscle weakness, metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Too much DHEAS in kids lead to? |
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Definition
| Precocious puberty, hair growth, and early development of secondary male sex characteristics in boys |
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Term
| What does Too much DHEAS in women lead to? |
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Definition
| Hirsuitism, acne, male pattern baldness, amenorrhea, masculine traits |
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Term
| What does Too much DHEAS in men lead to? |
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Definition
Infertility
Feminizing affects |
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Term
| What are 2 causes of Too much DHEAS in women? |
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Definition
Endocrine Disease
Anabolic steroid use |
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Term
True or False:
DHEAS is NOT controlled by ACTH |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Cortisol is regulated in response to ACTH from Anterior Pituitary |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Cortisol increase? |
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Definition
| Fat and protein breakdown |
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Term
| What hormone is critical to glucose metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Cortisol control? |
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Definition
Sodium, water, and other electrolytes
BP |
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Term
| What does Cortisol suppress? |
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Definition
| Inflammatory and allergic reactions |
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Term
| During times of _____, Cortisol has an effect on heart function |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Cortisol Highest? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What Disease is associated with HYPOcortisolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Disease is associated with HYPERcortisolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Addison's Disease / HYPOcortisolism usually due to? |
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Definition
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Term
The following are consistent with which disease:
Autoimmune, TB, HIV, or fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| HYPOcortisolism - Low Sodium and Low Glucose = ? |
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Definition
| Weakness, fatigue, weight loss |
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Term
| HYPOcortisolism will have low amounts of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| HYPOcortisolism will have high amounts of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is skin pigmentation associated with HYPOcortisolism / Addison's Disease? |
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Definition
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Term
HYPERcortisolism - what will cause the following:
Increased Cortisol
Decreased ACTH |
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Definition
| Cortisol-Secreting tumor in the adrenal gland |
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Term
HYPERcortisolism - what will cause the following:
Increased Cortisol
Increased ACTH |
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Definition
| ACTH-Secreting tumor in the pituitary |
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Term
Is the following considered primary or secondary:
Cortisol-Secreting tumor in the adrenal gland |
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Definition
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Term
Is the following considered primary or secondary:
ACTH-Secreting tumor in the pituitary |
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Definition
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|
Term
Is the following considered primary or secondary:
Prolonged steroid use |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
HYPERcortisolism alters resistance to stress and inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
HYPERcortisolism slows wound healing; inhibiting antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| What does HYPERcortisolism Increase in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does HYPERcortisolism Decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
With HYPERcortisolism, no diurnal variation is seen |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Increased Fatty Acids in the blood lead to? |
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Definition
Trunk obesity
Moon face
Buffalo Hump |
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Term
| What does Increased Blood Sugar lead to? |
|
Definition
Obesity
Hyperglycemia
Polydipsia
Glycosuria |
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Term
| What does Decreased Calcium Absorption lead to? |
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Definition
|
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Term
What is the following associated with:
Thinning skin with discoloration, striae, and bruising |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 2 tests that you can run for HYPERcortisolism? |
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Definition
ACH Levels
24 Hour Urine Cortisol |
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Term
|
Definition
| Over-production of all adrenal cortex hormones |
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|
Term
The following are consistent with too much what?
Hyperglycemia
Moon Face
Buffalo Hump
Central Obesity |
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Definition
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|
Term
The following are consistent with too much what?
Dehydration
Thirst
Increased Sodium
Increased BP |
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Definition
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|
Term
The following are consistent with too much what?
Amenorrhea & Hirsuitism in women
Muscular hypertrophy in young kids
Infertility in males |
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Definition
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Term
| As Sodium Rises, with too much aldosterone, what happens to Potassium? |
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Definition
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Term
| As Sodium Rises and Potassium falls, with too much aldosterone, what happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What controls the Adrenal Medulla? |
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Definition
Nervous system
Body's response to stress, emotion, physical activity, and low glucose levels |
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Term
| What does the Adrenal Medulla produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 Catecholamines produced in the Adrenal Medulla? |
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Definition
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine |
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Term
| What does Norepinephrine cause in response to a decrease in BP? |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstriction of small vessels |
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Term
| Norepinephrine causes Vasoconstriction of small vessels in response to a Decrease in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Norepinephrine causes Vasoconstriction of small vessels in response to a Decrease or Increase in Blood Pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine mobilizes energy stores to do what? |
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Definition
| Raise Blood Glucose Levels |
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Term
| What does Epinephrine Increase? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is secreted in HIGH levels during stress or fear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the "Fight or Flight" Hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of production does Epinephrine have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of effect does Epinephrine have? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Hyperactivity of catecholamines may be caused by what? |
|
Definition
Emotions/Stress
Drugs
Food
Tumors |
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Term
| Dopamine --> Norepinephrine --> Epinephrine --> Metanephrine --> ? |
|
Definition
| Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine --> Norepinephrine --> Normetanephrine --> ? |
|
Definition
| Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Catecholamine producing tumor |
|
|
Term
| What lab tests do you perform on Pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Pheochromocytoma - Measuring serum catecholamines is LESS reliable due to short half-life and because levels will be NORMAL between spells |
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Definition
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|
Term
| "Spells" of what are associated with Pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
Hypertension
Headache
Dizziness
Pallor
Sweating
Abdominal Pain |
|
|
Term
| List the hormones made in the adrenal cortex: |
|
Definition
| cortisol, aldosterone, androgens |
|
|
Term
| List the hormones made in the adrenal medulla: |
|
Definition
| catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepi.) |
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Term
| Name the precursor substance for ALL the adrenal cortex hormones. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What primary mechanism controls aldosterone production? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what substance does RAA cause to be absorbed in the tubules? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| At what time of day are cortisol levels highest? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what time of day are cortisol levels lowest? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is the primary regulator of cortisol? |
|
Definition
| ACTH from the pituitary gland |
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|
Term
| List three causes of Cushing's syndrome. |
|
Definition
Adrenal tumor (primary)
Pituitary tumor (secondary)
Excess cortisol administration (secondary) |
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|
Term
Indicate if the following results will be Increased, Decreased, or Normal in Cushing's:
Na:
K:
Glucose:
Calcium:
Fatty Acids: |
|
Definition
Sodium: high
Potassium: low
Glucose: high
Calcium: low
Fatty acids: high |
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|
Term
| What is the result of excess androgens in women? |
|
Definition
| Amenorrhea, hirsuitism, virilization |
|
|
Term
| List the catecholamines produced by the adrenal medulla |
|
Definition
| Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Which hormone from the medulla serves to raise BP, respiration, and blood sugar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the catecholamine metabolites that are most frequently tested for in urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the type of tumor associated with catecholamine excesses |
|
Definition
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