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November 1, 1755.
-Severe ground movement for 2 minutes causing damage to buildings and starting fires.
-2nd Earthquake, shorter but more violent.
-3rd Earthquake, effects felt as far away as North Africa.
-Tsunami caused waves up to 13 ft. high, reaching Portugal, North Africa, British Isles, Netherlands, and West Indies. |
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| Movement in the earth caused by volcanic activity, meteorite impacts, undersea landslides, explosions of nuclear bombs, and most commonly- sudden Earth movements along faults. |
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| Fracture: crack in the Earth across which the two sides move relatives to each other. |
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| Law of original horizontality |
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| Sediments (sand, gravel, and mud) are originally deposited or settled out of water in horizontal layers. |
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| Each undeformed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, each successive layer is deposited on top of a previously formed, and hence older, layer. Thus, each sedimentary rock layer is younger than the bed beneath it, but older than the bed above it. |
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| Law of original continuity |
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| Sediment layers are continuous, ending only by butting up against a topographic high, such as a hill or a cliff, by pinching out due to lack of sediment, or by gradational change from one sediment type to another. |
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| The angle of inclination measured in degrees from the horizontal. |
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| The compass bearing of the trend of a rock layer as viewed in the horizontal plane. |
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| Faults with the major amount of movement directed vertically, caused by either a pulling or a pushing force. |
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| Occurs when a hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. |
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| Compression causes the rocks to be pushed together, and the hangingwall moves upward to the footwall. |
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Most of the movement along a fault is horizontal (parallel to the strike direction).
- doesn't tear in straight lines.
- tears rocks and bends them left, and right.
*San Andreas fault, CA |
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| Right side of fault moves toward you. |
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| Left side of fault moves toward you. |
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| Point where the fault first ruptures. |
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| Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter. |
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| Strike-Slip fault that connects the ends of two offset segments of plate edges such as spreading centers or subduction zones. |
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| Instrument used to detect Earths motions. |
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| Instrument used to record Earths motions. |
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| The property of matter by which it will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force. |
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Definition
| The maximum displacement or height of a wave crest or depth of a trough. |
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| Distance between successive waves. |
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The number of waves passing a given point during one second.
-Measured in hertz. 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second |
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