Term
| The functions of the nervous system include |
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Definition
All of the above
rapid response
integration
each neuron producing |
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Term
| The nervous system consists of |
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Definition
| the central and peripheral nervous systems |
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Term
| The central nervous system consists of |
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Definition
| only the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| The peripheral nervous system consists of |
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Definition
| the motor (efferent) and the sensory (afferent) divisions |
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Term
| The efferent division modulates and signals to |
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Definition
A and B
skeletal muscles
the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
A and B
receives signals from sensory
synapses with motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| The cerebellum is involved in |
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Definition
| coordination of movements |
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Term
| The cerebrum is involved in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Some emergent properties of the brain include |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The sensory receptors in the afferent system |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The visceral afferent system |
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Definition
| monitors internal parameters |
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Term
| While skateboarding down a ramp and around the professors standing at the end of the ramp, one is use |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Some types of receptors include |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Some limitations of receptors include |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When the brain receives information from the receptors |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| brain activity can be monitored by |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
BCE
are numerous across the cell
move things across the cell
are found in bronchi |
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Term
|
Definition
ADE
are found as single flagella
move the cell forward
are present in sperm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
A and C
is wound with other myosin proteins
has its tails wound together |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
A and B
is normally about 20%
Can speed along at 5 microns/second |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| When muscle tension remains constant as length of the muscle changes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When muscle contraction creates force without shortening |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
ABC
all except better for speed than endurance |
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Term
| Rate limiting factors in muscle power output |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Muscle contractions are in response to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the energy stored in ATP used for |
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Definition
|
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Term
| microtubles have ____ ____ that can "walk" |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The energy source for muscle contraction is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ATP binding to the myosin head |
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Definition
| detaches it from the actin protein |
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Term
| ATP cleavage into ADP and Pi by the myosin head |
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Definition
A and C
allows the myosin head to bind to the actin
causes the myosin head to bend at the hinge |
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Term
| After the myosin head binds to the actin thin filament and rachets the actin filament forward |
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Definition
| the myosin head releases ADP and Pi |
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Term
| Nerve signaling at the neuromuscular junction causes |
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Definition
| an action potential to be initiated on the cell membrane of the muscle |
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Term
| The action potential acrosse the muscle membrane cause a protein to release Ca++ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Ca++ ions |
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Definition
| bind with a protein known as troponin which then moves tropomyosin off the binding sites on actin so myosin can bind |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| The primary neurotransmitter at motor end plates is |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| 2 hydrogen bonds with thymidine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 3 hydrogen bonds with guanine |
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Term
| One characteristic of DNA is |
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Definition
| double stranded form with strands in opposite directions |
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Term
|
Definition
| 22 pairs of autosomes + one pair of sex chromosomes |
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Term
| During DNA replication, the DNA double helix is unwound by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During DNA replication, DNA is replicated by |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
A and B
an RNA coding region
control regions including the basal promoter |
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Term
| Some parts of DNA do not code for RNAs but instead are involved in |
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Definition
| packaging the DNA into chromosomes |
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Term
| Transcription is the process of |
|
Definition
| synthesizing RNA from a DNA template |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| RNA polymerase starts at the ____ site and stops at the _____ site. |
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Definition
| nucleotide just after the promoter termination |
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Term
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Definition
| are several molecules of RNA that are found in the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Messenger RNA is processed before leaving the nucleus. This requires |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| are expressed regions of RNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases the complexity of mRNAs and proteins expressed by the genome |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Gene expression can change |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Means of controlling gene expression at the RNA level include |
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Definition
| Everything except protein modifications |
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Term
| DNA requires packaging with proteins because |
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Definition
| it is so long in comparison to the nucleus |
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Term
| Transcription is carried out by the enzyme |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Processing of RNAs into mature mRNA strands requires |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The approximate number of genes in the human genome is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Alternative splicing of mRNAs |
|
Definition
| increases the number of possible proteins |
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Term
| Protein expression and/or functionality can be regulated by controlling |
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Definition
| All except factors affecting the amount of cholesterol in the cell |
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Term
| DNA differs from RNA due to which characteristics |
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Definition
| All but Uridine is present in DNA only |
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Term
|
Definition
A and B
ribosomal RNA
ribosomal proteins |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| two identical cells with the same amount of DNA |
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Term
|
Definition
B,C,D
All but DNA replicates |
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Term
|
Definition
C and E
chromosomes (at centromeres) attach to spindles
chromosomes line up in center of nuclear region |
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Term
|
Definition
B and D
centromeres break apart so the chromos separate
kinetochore microtubules start pulling chromosomes apart |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
A and B
includes the division of cellular organelles like ER
includes the division of the plasma membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Cell cycle checkpoints include |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| any chromosome other than X and Y |
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Term
|
Definition
| 22 pairs of autosomes and an X and Y |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 copies of every chromosome |
|
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Term
| a dominant allele of a gene |
|
Definition
| is always detected in the phenotype |
|
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Term
| a recessive allele of a gene |
|
Definition
| can only be detected in the phenotype when there are two copies of it |
|
|
Term
| homozygous in genetics refers to |
|
Definition
| two copies of the same allele in a specific gene |
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|
Term
| heterozygous in genetics refers to |
|
Definition
| two different alleles for a specific gene |
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Term
|
Definition
| the genetic makeup of an organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| the expressed or detected traits |
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Term
| When testing whether an organism is homozygous dominant or heterozygous, one would |
|
Definition
| cross the organism with a homozygous recessive |
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Term
| The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and it has some genes on it |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
A,B,D
All but change the sequence of only one codon |
|
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Term
| Point mutations always change the protein sequence when they occur in the coding region |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
A,B,D
All but results from frameshift and is not harmful in people homozygous for this allele |
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Term
| When doing a dihybrid cross, what assumption is made |
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Definition
| The genes under scrutiny are on different chromosomes and assort independently |
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Term
| A dihybrid cross between two organisms that are heterozygous at each gene under scrutiny reveals |
|
Definition
A,C,D
all but all of the gametes are the same genotype |
|
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Term
| One of the two X chromosomes in females is randomly inactivated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fruitfly has Cy Cy; B b. What are the possible combinations of alleles this fly can produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sex linkage refers to the fact that males have a Y chromosome that does not carry some genes found on an X chromosome. Thus a male whose mother is heterozygous for a gene |
|
Definition
| could inherit either allele from the mother and could express a recessive allele |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the DNA or array of genes in a cell |
|
|
Term
| Transcriptomics refers to |
|
Definition
| the array of mRNAs in a cell |
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|
