Term
| Majority of prokaryotes are this |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 major groups of the domain bacteria |
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Definition
| Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, spirochetes, and Chlamydia |
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Term
| Largest and most diverse group of the domain bacteria. Includes Vibrio, Salmonella, E. coli, and Agrobacterium. Mitochondria of eukaryotes derived from this |
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Definition
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Term
| Fecal contamination. Indicator organism |
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Definition
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Term
| Contamination of poultry, over 50% bacterial infections in the United States are because of this |
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Definition
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Term
| Fecal contamination bacterial infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Numerous in environment, Photosynthetic; liberate oxygen (some fix nitrogen), system of internal membranes called thylakoids, eukaryote chloroplasts derived from this |
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Definition
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Term
| Number 1 bacterial STD in the United States today, Four million new cases of this occur each year and it is particularly common among teens and young adults, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may be caused by this, is the leading cause of infertility when left untreated |
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Definition
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Term
| Known as the "silent epidemic", three quarters of the women and half of the men with the disease have no symptoms, possible symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina and a burning sensation when urinating, lower abdominal pain or pain during intercourse and bleeding between menstrual periods (female) |
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Definition
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| The bacteria can be easily passed to the developing child within the uterus, 1/4 of babies passing down the infected birth canal will get _______ Pneumonia, 1/2 of all babies born to infected women after delivery through the birth canal will develop pink eye a week after birth, in severe cases blindness may occur, the child may have respiratory diseases for a long time if not treated |
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Definition
| Chlamydia effects on babies |
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Term
| Borellia (Lyme's disease) that is transmitted by a deer tick is a form of this type of bacterial infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Arthritis-like symptoms and nerve degeneration when the bacteria lodges in the spine or brain (CNS), It is these nervous system complications which are the most serious and most difficult to treat; Migraines, dizziness, uncoordination and blindness are some of the results of CNS involment with this (and of course death- another of the symptoms not too many doctors mention) |
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Definition
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Term
| The body has a protective blood-brain barrier which few antibiotics can cross, the body must rely on its own immune system to address these CNS sites of infection, the brain and spinal column become reservoirs of the bacteria from where they re-infect the body after each round of antibiotic treatment |
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Definition
| Treatment for Lyme's disease |
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Term
| Used to be considered bacteria until Carl Woese found that their rRNA was different, Eukarya and this share common ribosomal proteins not found in bacteria, not known to cause infections, not pathogenic, known as extremists |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of Archaea that were first found in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, Some live near rift vents in the deep sea at temperatures well over 100 degrees Centigrade, Contain unusual lipids in their membranes that allow them to live in very high temperatures, different cell walls than bacteria that allow for higher temperatures (no peptidoglycan) |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of Archaea found in acidic places |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of Archaea that have been found thriving inside of the digestive tracts of cows, termites, and marine life where they produce methane, produce CH4 from CO2 and H2 |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of Archaea that have been found in high salt (10 times more salt than seawater environments), Great Salt Lakes ant the Dead Sea |
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Definition
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Term
| Found that some were more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than to other paraphyletics, various groups are now classified in separate supergroups, term still used as a convenience to describe eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| Vast diversity, single celled; some multicellular (with differentiation into tissues that have specific functions), range in size from microscopic to over 200 meters in length, eukaryotes; have membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| General characteristics of formerly protista |
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Term
| Abundant in water (major component of plankton - organisms floating in water that serve as food for heterotrophic protists and animals); also found in soil, rocks and on plants |
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Definition
| Ecological importance of protists |
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Term
| Metabolically diverse (arose independently in different lines), photoautotrophs, heterotrophs: absorbing organic molecules or ingesting larger food particles, mixotrophs: combination |
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Definition
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Term
| Group that consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants: clade |
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Definition
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Term
| Group with common ancestor and some, but not all descendants |
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Definition
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Term
| Group derived from two or more different ancestors |
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Definition
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Term
| Controversial group, some have a feeding groove on one side of their body |
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Definition
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Term
| Part of the supergroup Excavata and the subgroup Diplomonad, flagellated, free-living in H20 or parasitic, single-celled heterotrophs, lives in small intestines, cause of traveler's diarrhea or asymptomatic, campers infected from stream water |
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Definition
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Term
| Metabollicaly active site of organism that produces a cyst: metabollically inactive state. Helps the organism in harsh environments |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Excavata and the subgroup Parabasalids, sexually transmitted disease, acquired a gene by horizontal gene transfer from bacterial pathogens in vagina - allows T. vaginalis to feed on the vaginal lining, infects 5 million people a year, asymptomatic or itching and white discharge |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Excavata and subgroup Euglenozoans and the subsubgroup Kinetoplastids, life cycle includes blood sucking arthropod (tse tse fly) and man, hemoflagellate that effects the blood, known as African sleeping sickness: neurological disease - fever, fatigue, stupor, coma, bait-and-switch defense to evade immune response of host |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Excavata and subgroup Euglenozoans, presence of a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside of flagella, mixotrophs, light-detecting eye spot, heterotrophic (animal-like), autotrophic (plant-like: chloroplasts), live in freshwater, no cell wall but a pellicle that lies beneath the cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on DNA sequencing, originated by secondary endosymbiosis or red algae, includes Alveolates and Stramenophiles |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates, have membrane-bound sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane, the function of the alveoli is unknown, includes Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, and Ciliates |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Alveolates, microscopic, (usually)unicellular, flagellated organisms, mixotrophs and heterotrophs, they are abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton (primary producers of food of aquatic food webs, each has a characteristic shape that in many species is reinforced by internal plate of cellulose |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Alveolates that are known for producing nasty toxins, particularly when they occur in large numbers, called "red tides," may be more common because of human inputs of phosphate and warmer global temperatures, toxic for marine life, toxic for animals that eat shellfish, many of these toxins are quite potent, and if not fatal, can still cause neurological and all sorts of other nasty effects (paralysis and memory problems) |
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Definition
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Term
| Members of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Alveolates, waves, wind, and boat propellers in high concentrations of red tides disperse toxin particles into the air causing these problems for people along the shoreline, irritations of the eyes, nose, throat, tingling lips and tongue, symptoms usually disappear within 24 hours once the exposure is discontinued, people suffering from severe or chronic respiratory conditions such as emphysema or asthma, should try to avoid red tide areas |
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Definition
| Dinoflagellates affects on humans |
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Term
| Members of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Alveolates, new research links huge African dust clouds with the red tides that kill millions of fish along the Florida coast each yer, the cyanobacteria boom from the iron in the dust cloud which fixes nitrogen that makes it more soluble so that alga booms, the giant dust cloud crosses the Atlantic Ocean carried by easterly tradewinds |
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Definition
| Causes of Dinoflagellate red tides |
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates, all are parasitic with complex life cycles, spread through infectious cells called sporozoites: at the apex is a complex set of organelles specialize for penetrating host tissue, most have sexual and asexual stages that require two or more different host species for completion |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Apicomplexa, requires both mosquitoes and humans to complete its life cycle, the number of infected humans exceeds 500,000,000, approximately 2 million people die each year from malaria, efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines that target this pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
| Asexual reproduction occurs in man and sexual reproduction occurs in the mosquito for this to complete |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveoltes, are a large and varied group that are named for their use of cilia to move and feed, have large macronuclei and small micronuclei, micronuclei function during conjugation: a sexual process that produces genetic variation, conjugationj is separate from reproduction, which generally occurs by binary fission |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Ciliates, only ciliated pathogen of man, found in pigs, causes dysentery |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates and the subgroup Ciliates, common in freshwater, has cilia, a gullet, anal pore, and trichocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveolates that contain Diatoms and Brown algae |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup chromalveolates and the subgroup Stramenophiles, unicellular, silica in cell walls, some have carotenoid in chloroplasts that give them a yellowish color, bilaterally or radially symmetrical, two overlapping halves or valves - like a shoe box |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergropu Chromalveolates and the subgroup Stramenophiles, Plankton, especially in cool oceans, where it is the major primary producer, because the silica-containing walls of dead cells resist decomposition, they collect on ocean bottom (certain sedimentary rocks) |
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Definition
| Diatoms economic importnace |
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Term
| Member of the supergroup chromalveolates and the subgroup Stramenophiles, filtration, especially in sugar refining and aquariums, fine polish for silver and toothpaste, paint additive to increase reflectivity, insulation, especially in furnaces with temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees F, insect control: sharp kill insects |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Chromalveoltes and the subgroup Strameonphiles, largest and most complex algae, all are multicellular and most are marine, include many species commonly called seaweed, have the most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae, giant seaweeds called kelps live in deep parts of the ocean, the algal body is plant-like but lacks true roots, stems, and leaves and is called a thallus, the root-like holdfast anchors the stem-like stipe, which in turn supports the leaf-like blades, connects by a fucus: rock weed, have air bladders, tips of thallus have receptacles with conceptacles (where gametes are produced) |
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Definition
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Term
| Members are morphologically very different but DNA evidence suggest they are a monophyletic group, many are amoebase with pseudopodia |
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Definition
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Term
| Members of the supergroup Rhizaria, have porous shells called tests, hardened with calcium carbonate, pseudopodia extend through the pores, live in freshwater and marine environments, most pseudopodia are known from fossils, used as index or marker fossils, leads to calcareous ooze on ocean floor |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Rhizaria, pseudopodia, mostly in marine environments, internal skeletons made of silica, settle to ocean floor after death and accumulate, forming a siliceous ooze that is hundreds of meters deep in places |
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Definition
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Term
| Supergroup that contains red and green algae, closest relative to land plants, monophyletic group that descended from ancient heterotrophic organism that engulfed a cyanobacterium |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Archaeplastida, multicelluar, preferring warmer waters, reddish pigment called phycoerythrin, most are complex, branched structures, most abundant large algae in coastal waters or the tropics, some species produce the polysaccharide used to make agar (solidifying agent for bacterial culture mediums), others produce carrageen; emulsifying agent used in food and other products (mayonnaise, cosmetics, paints), parphyra: reddish brown wrappings for sushi rolls |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Arachaeplastida, microscopic, single-celled and multicellular, over 7000 species, most are aquatic - freshwater and marine; others are terrestrial, living in moist environments, like plants, in that their energy is stored as starch and that they have both chlorophyll a and b, closely related to land plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Archaeplastida and the subgroup Green algae, unicellular, contains flagellum, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, pyrenoid, starch granule, and cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Archaeplastida and the subgroup green algae filamentous, slimy floating mass, uninucleated with helical arrangement of ribbon-like chloroplasts, numerous pyrenoid bodies, where starch is stored, asexual reproduction: fragmentation, sexual reproduction: isogamy (gametes are indistinguishable) |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Archaeplastida and the subgroup green algae, colonial, ponds, ditches, and puddles, up to 1.5 millimeters in diameter, between 500- 60000 somatic cells with 2 flagella, asexual reproduction: daughter colonies, sexual reproduction wiht sperm and egg production |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Archaeplastida and the subgroup green algae, edible seaweed called sea lettuce, thin sheets of cells (some only 2 cells thick) |
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Definition
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Term
| Supergroup that contains Amoebas |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Unikonta, no definite shape or form, no specialized motility structures, characterized by ability to change body shape (extending pseudopodia), feed through phagocytosic, reproduce asexually |
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Definition
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Term
| Member of the supergroup Unikonta and the subgroup amoeba, causes amebic dysentery, extraintestinal infections: brain, heart, skin, and liver |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular photosynthetic organisms, contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, store their energy as starch, produce multicellular embryos within gametophytes (different than algae), support life on our world, alternation of generations life cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Gameophyte is dominant generation, sporophyte is inconspicuous, homospory is typical |
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Definition
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Term
| Sporophyte is dominant generation, gametophyte is highly reduced, heterosporous (megaspores and microspores) |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular with simply organized tissues, found in a variety of environments but generally in moist places, retain properties of algae in that they require water for fertilization to occur (for sperm to reach egg), include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins with the sporophyte diploid that produces a sporangium which produces a spore via meiosis which yields the gametophyte haploid which produces the sperm and egg which produces a zygote via fertilization |
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Definition
| Life cycle of nonvascular plants |
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Term
| Most numerous and common nonvascular plant, most are monoecious |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in tropical forests, along streamsides, and in disturbed fields around the world, most species are small and unassuming greasy blue-green pathces |
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Definition
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