Term
|
Definition
a electron/proton receptor, one at a time, diffusible in lipid bilayer 1 electron=semiquinone
2 electrons=ubiquinol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electron receptor, releases H uses Fe heme
only carry one electron at a time |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between A B and C cytochromes? |
|
Definition
| a/b are tightly bound to proteins and membrane bound c is convently bound to 2 cysteines and is soluble |
|
|
Term
| What are Iron-sulfur proteins? |
|
Definition
| varying complexities Fe held in place by Sulfur |
|
|
Term
| What is in each complex of ETC? |
|
Definition
complex 1-NADH DH, FMN and Fe-S prosthetic goups
complex 2-Succinate DH, FAD, Fe-S
complex 3-ubiquinone and Cyt c, Heme Fe-S
complex 4-cytochrome oxidase,heme Cua Cub |
|
|
Term
| What detergent breaks up complexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FMN accepts electrons from NADH in matrix, which funnels them through Fe-S proteins to N-2, which transfers to ubiquinone forming QH2 grabs two H from inner matrix
*transfers 4 H out* |
|
|
Term
| What blocks transfer of Electrons to ubiquinone? |
|
Definition
Amytal (a barbiturate), rotenone (a plant product and
insecticide), and piercidin A (an antibiotic) |
|
|
Term
| What is vectorial in Complex 1? |
|
Definition
| transferring 4 protons one way out of inner matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfers electrons from succinate to FAD to Fe-S proteins to ubiquinone. |
|
|
Term
| How does NADH from glycolysis get transferred to ETC? |
|
Definition
Malate-aspartate shuttle
of liver, kidney and heart
or Glycerol 3-phosphate
shuttle of brain and skeletal
muscle |
|
|
Term
| What does mito glycerol-3-phosphate DH do? |
|
Definition
| transfers electrons to QH2 losing ATP generated from complex 1 and 2 |
|
|
Term
| How does Beta-oxidation pass complex 1,2 ? |
|
Definition
| Acyl-CoA DH transfers from FADH2 to electron transferring flavoprotein which in turn transfers to ubiquinone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfers electrons from Q to cyt c. and pumpes 2 H out of matrix |
|
|
Term
| What are the main subunits of Complex 3 |
|
Definition
| cyt b, 2 hemes , Rieske protein Fe-S protein and Cyt c |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two step process to transfer electrons to cyt c. after first cycle it leaves Q-, second cycle picks up another - and 2 H to create QH2, in turn using 2 QH2 to transfer 1 electron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses Cu a,b. Cua transfers electron to heme a through FE-Cu center. This bids with Cub to form complex which drops electrons to Oxygen *also pumping 4 H out* |
|
|
Term
| How many electrons are needed to reduce oxygen? |
|
Definition
| 4, but only happens one at a time, so substrate it bound tightly until forming water |
|
|
Term
| What makes heme a3 easy to inhibit? |
|
Definition
| only one axial ligand is bound in place, the other can be attacked by CN, CO NO |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the association of the 4 complexes? |
|
Definition
| respirasome, made possibly for cardiolipin |
|
|
Term
| What complexes are proton pumps? |
|
Definition
1- moves 4
3-moves 2
4-moves 4 |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the proton motive force? |
|
Definition
| difference in concentration and charge |
|
|
Term
| WHat happens if there is a difference in electrons moving and entering electrons? |
|
Definition
| more ROS escape, in the form of superoxide radical, from partial reduced Q |
|
|
Term
| How is mito defended from radicals? |
|
Definition
dimutase converts O2 to H2O2
glutathione peroxidase converts H2O2 to H20 and GSH-GSSG
Glutathione reductase converts GSSG to 2 GSH also NADH to NADPH
nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase |
|
|
Term
| What two ways do plants produce heat? |
|
Definition
| external NADH DH , alternative NADH DH and alternative oxidase which all by pass proton pumping and release heat |
|
|
Term
| What is the chemiosmotic model? |
|
Definition
| Hydrogens only have one way back into mito inner matrix. osmotic force and chemi to create ATP |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the proof of chemosmotic theory? |
|
Definition
blocking electron transfer didnt stop Oxygen consumption
blocking atp synthase stoped oxygen consumption
ionophores alway correction of H gradient, but not ATP generated |
|
|
Term
| What can carry protons across Mito membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What takes the most energy in ATP synthesis? |
|
Definition
release of ATP from the
enzyme, not formation of ATP, is the major energy barrier. |
|
|
Term
| What are the subunits of F1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the subunits of F0? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of Beta subunits? |
|
Definition
| bound to gamma unit, bound to ATP and bound to ADP |
|
|
Term
| What do the B units prevent? |
|
Definition
| rotation of alpha and beta units around gamma |
|
|
Term
| What does Adenine nucleotide translocase do? |
|
Definition
| transfer ADP into outer shell and ATP into matrix |
|
|
Term
| What does phosphate translocase do? |
|
Definition
| transfers H2PO4 in along with H |
|
|
Term
| What does ATP synthasome contain? |
|
Definition
Adenine nucleotide translocase
phosphate translocase
and atp synthase |
|
|
Term
| What is Acceptor Control of ATP synthase ? |
|
Definition
| changes in ADP can increase or decrease activity |
|
|
Term
| What is the HIF1 regulation of ATP synthase ? |
|
Definition
| switches direction to fix Ph gradient, prevented by HIF1 which binds to F1 and prevents atpase activity |
|
|
Term
| What does the uncoupling protein do in mitochondria of brown fat cells? |
|
Definition
| destroys Hydrogen gradient to release heat |
|
|
Term
| What is needed to synthesize steroids in mito? |
|
Definition
| P-450, also found in ER to oxidize drugs |
|
|
Term
| How does mito trigger apoptosis ? |
|
Definition
cytochrome c moonlights which triggers caspases. released Permeability
Transition Pore Complex (PTPC) to open mito |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the key to apoptosis? |
|
Definition
| Apoptosome converts inactive caspase 9 to an active form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defective mito passed on to infants |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of no ATP on insulin release? |
|
Definition
| can not bind to K channels, hence hyperpolarizing cell and not allowing Ca to enter and open vesicles |
|
|
Term
| What is exciton transfer? |
|
Definition
| transfer of electron to another molecule not emitted |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 parts of a photosystem? |
|
Definition
light harvesting antenna
reaction center
electron transporting system
set of proteins to regenerate electrons |
|
|
Term
| What can replace the electron lost? |
|
Definition
inorganic, an organic acid,
hydrogen sulfide or water |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of chlorophylls ? |
|
Definition
| chlorin ring holding a Mg in place |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between chlorophyll a and b? |
|
Definition
a- methyl side chain
b-CHO side chain
more a then b |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ring structure of B12 |
|
|
Term
| What do carotenoids absorb? |
|
Definition
beta-carotene absorbs red-orange
Lutein( xanthophyll) absorbs yellow |
|
|
Term
| What pigment is present in both RC and antenna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the components of light harvesting complexes change? |
|
Definition
| there is different areas which show varying wavelengths of light to absorb |
|
|
Term
| What are cyanobacteria and red algae light harvesting pigments ? |
|
Definition
| phycobilins, forming phycobilisome, getting the wavelengths at the bottom of the ocean |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of photosystem ? |
|
Definition
| one in green sulfur bacteria(photosystem I) and the other in purple bacteria (photosystem II). |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway of photosystem 1? |
|
Definition
| RC-ferredoxin-FeS- quinone-cytochrome bc1 complex then back to RC by cyclic photophosphorylation |
|
|
Term
| What happens in non-cyclic PSI? |
|
Definition
| electrons are used to reduce NAD instead of returning to RC, so H2S is used to regenerate electrons |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway of PSII? |
|
Definition
| RC P870- pheophytin (Pheo)-quinone- cytochrome bc1 complex-cytochrome c2 complex back to RC |
|
|
Term
| What parts of photosystems are like complex III? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects PSII to PSI? |
|
Definition
| QA and QB transfer to cyt b6f complex, then to soluble plastocyanin, which than activates p700(RC of PSI ) |
|
|
Term
| What is the modified path of PSI? |
|
Definition
electron acceptor chlorophyll molecule,
A0, a phylloquinone, A1, three Fe-S
centers, Ferredoxin and then to NAD+. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrons are taken from H2O |
|
|
Term
| How many photons are needed to produce a single Oxygen? |
|
Definition
| 8 photons, 2 H2O and 4 electrons removed |
|
|
Term
What is cyclic electron flow or cyclic
photophosphorylation? |
|
Definition
| ferredoxin flow back to cyt b6f and regenerate P700 (RC PSI) NO oxygen produced! |
|
|
Term
| What do purple bacteria have? |
|
Definition
| PSII, variation which regenerates electrons to RC 870 |
|
|
Term
| What PS do green bacteria have ? |
|
Definition
| PS I but uses H2S to regenerate electrons to RC. Yields a NADPH at the expense of H2S |
|
|
Term
| What are the two things that can excite RC of PSI?? |
|
Definition
| -light photons absorbed by LHC or electrons from PSII via plastocyanin |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Qa and Qb? |
|
Definition
A-tightly bound to protein, only goes to semiquinone
B- free moving, can be reduced to QbH2 |
|
|
Term
| What replaces plastocyanin in some bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the seqeunce of PSI in cyanobacteria? |
|
Definition
a modified chlorophyll molecule,
A0, a phylloquinone, A1, three Fe-S
centers, Ferredoxin and then to NAD+. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the photons go besides to remove electrons from H2O? |
|
Definition
| they are used to lift electrons to an energized state. |
|
|
Term
| What is oxygenic photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| creating ATP and NADPH from Oxygen, contains both PSI and PSII |
|
|
Term
| What molecule transfers electrons from photo system 2 to 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the PS and ATP synthase located? |
|
Definition
PSI and ATPS are located on the stromal lamellae. FOr access to NADP and ADP
PSII is in granal lamellae |
|
|
Term
| What controls the transition between State 1 and 2 in chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in blue light? |
|
Definition
| PSII is activated more, so PQH2 is high, triggers a kinase, which P a Thr on LHC II , weakening the interaction with PSII |
|
|
Term
| What happens in less intense red light? |
|
Definition
| (STATE 2) PSI uses up PQH2, which increase PQ triggering dephosphorylation of LHCII, |
|
|
Term
| How do most herbicides work? |
|
Definition
Paraquat- accept electrons from ferredoxin, reducing oxygen to superoxide
Diuron- competes for plastoquinone preventing flow of electrons |
|
|
Term
| What does the water splitting complex contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What complexes do cyanobacteria have which are common to mitochondria and chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
cyt b6f complex, the
soluble cyt c, and ATP synthase
complex. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three soluble electron transporters? |
|
Definition
| plastocyanin, cyt c and cyt C6 |
|
|
Term
| What is the prosthetic group of halo bacterium? |
|
Definition
| bacteria rhodopsin (retinal) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of carbon fixation? |
|
Definition
1-turning 5 carbon sugar into 2 3 carabon sugars
2- reduce phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
3- regenerate ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate |
|
|
Term
| What is the turn over rate of rubisco? |
|
Definition
3 CO2 molecules fixed per
second at 25oC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high pH and Mg. also in dark the affinity for RBP goes up blocking rubisco. helped by rubisco activase |
|
|
Term
| What does rubisco activase do? |
|
Definition
| converts rubisco into active form after being bound to RBP upon ATP increase also releases CA1P |
|
|
Term
| What is the final activation of rubisco? |
|
Definition
| lysine is carbamoylated, then CO2 binds to rubisco, then Mg goes to form activated complex. |
|
|
Term
| What is a transition state analog in the dark to rubisco? |
|
Definition
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-
phosphate (CA1P) |
|
|
Term
| What binds ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate ? |
|
Definition
| magnesium, which is attached by glutamate, asparate, and lysine carbamate forming a reactive enedoilate species |
|
|
Term
| What are the two steps of reducing 3-phosphoglycerate ? |
|
Definition
phosphorylate to 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate
reduce to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate |
|
|
Term
| What does the reduction of 3-phosphoglyerate cost? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is stage three of CO2 fixation? |
|
Definition
| convert 5 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 3 ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme does the chloroplast lack for glycolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzymes do animals lack for regeneration of ribulose? |
|
Definition
Rubisco, SB and
Erythrose 4-Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate RPK and assimilate
SB
(5) Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate → Sedoheptulose 7-P + Pi RPK, thus cannot CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Where does the cost of CO2 fixation come from? |
|
Definition
6 ATP and 6 NADPH from creating the triose sugars
3 ATP to regenerate ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of P-triose antiporter? |
|
Definition
to put P back into stroma for ATP synthesis
also effectively moves
ATP and reducing
equivalents NAD(P)H from the chloroplast to the cytosol |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase? |
|
Definition
| used for sucrose synthesis, activated by light, High pH and Mg concentration |
|
|
Term
| What product is produced when oxygen binds to rubisco? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the steps for savaging energy from 2-phosphoglycolate? |
|
Definition
1- convert to glycolate in chloroplast
2- oxidize to glyoxylate then convert to glycine in peroxisome
3- combine two glycine to form serine in mitochondria releasing CO2 |
|
|
Term
| How is serine used for energy in plants? |
|
Definition
| sent to peroxisome, turned into hydroxypyruvate then glycerate. Shipped to chloroplast and put back into Calvin cycle |
|
|
Term
| What is the cost of photo respiration? |
|
Definition
| 2 oxygen, releasing a carbon dioxide and one ATP |
|
|
Term
| What is glycine carboxylase? |
|
Definition
used to condense glycine to serine, similar to PDH has different substrates.
PLP
lipoamide
THF
FAD
NAD+
accounts for alot of CO2 production during bright sun light |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about C4 plants? |
|
Definition
| PEP carboxylase is used in mesophyll cells to convert HCO3- to CO2, leading to OAA as first intermediate. OAA is converted to malate by Malate DH then transported to bundle sheath cell to release CO2 and proceed in calvin cycle |
|
|
Term
| What three enzymes allow for an enriched CO2 state in C4 plants? |
|
Definition
| malate DH, Malate enzyme and PEP carboxylase |
|
|
Term
| Why is C4 favored when it spends 5 ATP instead of the normal 3? |
|
Definition
| C3 plants become less productive and used extra ATP in regeneration of 2-phosphoglycolate |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about CAM plants? |
|
Definition
| they generate malate at night and store for day time use, to conserve water. |
|
|
Term
| Where are starch and sucrose made? |
|
Definition
starch-plastids
sucrose-cytosol |
|
|
Term
| What is the activated form of glucose used to create strach? |
|
Definition
| ADP-glucose (not UDP glucose) |
|
|
Term
| What is the substrates of sucrose synthesis? |
|
Definition
| UDP-glucose and fructose 6-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit of sucrose? |
|
Definition
| inert, both anomeric carbons are used to form the glycosidic bond |
|
|
Term
| How is Sucrose phosphate synthase regulated? |
|
Definition
| SPS kinase inhibits, SPS phosphatase activates Glc-6-p inhibits SPSK, activites SPS |
|
|
Term
| How is SPS directly inhibited? |
|
Definition
| Pi binds to SPSP inactivating it, and directly effects SPS inhibitory |
|
|
Term
| What inhibits/activates PFK-2? |
|
Definition
| triose inhibits, while Pi activates |
|
|
Term
| What will favor starch synthesis? |
|
Definition
| slow triose production or defective f1,6Pase |
|
|
Term
| What is odd about cellulose synthesis? |
|
Definition
| created in cell, assembled outside of cell |
|
|
Term
| What enzymes are used by cellulose complex ? |
|
Definition
| sucrose synthase and cellulose synthase |
|
|
Term
| What is the transport molecule of plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precursor of both membrane lipids and triacylglycerol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to make phosphatidic acid? |
|
Definition
| fatty acyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| How is Phosphatidic acid converted to TAG? |
|
Definition
converted to diacylglycerol by Phosphatidic acid phosphatase
Then to TAG by acylation |
|
|
Term
| What is a secondary pathway of phosphatidic acid? |
|
Definition
| turning into glycerolphospholipid by adding a head group. |
|
|
Term
| What is insulins effect on TAG synthesis? |
|
Definition
normal function stores carbs and FA.
In diabetes lack of Glut 4 channels so gluconeogenesis occurs and no FA stored. |
|
|
Term
| What is the triacylglycerol cycle? |
|
Definition
| constant breakdown of TAG and movement around the blood stream resynthesis in liver and shipped back to adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme converts TAG's back to FA and glycerol at adipose tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the glycerol go before it enters the adipose tissue? |
|
Definition
| breaks off and stays in blood. |
|
|
Term
| How do the hormones glucagon and epinephrine effect FA synthesis? |
|
Definition
| They suppress glycolysis stimulating release of FA, since G-3P and DHAP are not supplied |
|
|
Term
| How does adipose tissue produce G-3P? |
|
Definition
| use some part of gluconeogenesis to get to G-3P, pyruvate comes from Amino acid breakdown |
|
|
Term
| What is the effects of glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
| stimulates gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis in liver and suppresses glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme does glucocorticoid regulate? |
|
Definition
| PEP carboxykinase by gene expression. causing more FFA in blood. |
|
|
Term
| What can glucocorticoids be used to treat? |
|
Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
may lead to diabetes symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What are the mechanism of type 2 diabetes? |
|
Definition
inhibition of glucose uptake by muscle, reduction of pancreatic insulin secretion, and inhibition of glycogen synthesis in
liver |
|
|
Term
| What is Thiazolidinediones used to treat? |
|
Definition
| activates PPARgamma2, increasing expression of PEP carboxykinase increasing glyceroneogenesis inturn reducing FFA in blood. |
|
|
Term
| Where are phospholipids created? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the general pathways for phospholipid synthesis? |
|
Definition
connecting CDP-phospholipid with alcohol
connecting CDP-alcohol with diacylglycerol |
|
|
Term
| How is phosphatidylcholine synthesized? (lecithin) |
|
Definition
| transferring activated choline (CDP-choline) to diacylglycerol |
|
|
Term
| What is the strategy for making phosphatidylethanolamine? |
|
Definition
| combining CDP-ethanolamine with diacylglycerol |
|
|
Term
| What is the livers unique mechanism for PC creation? |
|
Definition
decarboxylation of PS and methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine
PS-PE-PC |
|
|
Term
| How is PS created? where? |
|
Definition
| made in ER, head group exchange of PE and PC |
|
|
Term
| How are cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol synthesized? |
|
Definition
| activated CDP-diacylglycerol is transfered with alcohol |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of cardiolipin? |
|
Definition
| two phosphatidyl group linked on the same glycerol |
|
|
Term
| What is the starting point of spingomyelin synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precursor of cerebroside ? |
|
Definition
| adding a glucose head group to ceramide |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the process of cholesterol synthesis? |
|
Definition
1.) condense 3 acteyl-CoA to form mevalonate
2.)convert to isoprene
3.) polymerize 6 isoprene to for 30 carbon chain squalene
4.) cyclization and changes |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme does statin inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the committed step of cholesterol synthesis? |
|
Definition
HMG-reductase
converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate |
|
|
Term
| What is the common precursor of cerebroside and sphingomyelin ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When glucose is added to N-acylsphinganine it creates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When adding the head group of PC to ceramide it creates ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the attachment of isopreniods to proteins on membranes. usaully attached to farnesyl
group (15-C) or geranylgeranyl group (20-C) |
|
|
Term
| How does concentration of cholesterol effect synthesis? |
|
Definition
| High concentrations stop expression of LDL receptors and inhibit HMG-redutase by activation protealysis, promotes esterifcation and storage of cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| How does glucagon regulate cholesterol synthesis? |
|
Definition
| phosphorylates and inactivates HMG redutase, insulin is opposite |
|
|
Term
| How does insulin promote expression of HMG reductase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
| LDL receptor gene is defective, leadingto high blood levels of LDL |
|
|
Term
| What does failure to remove cholesterol do? |
|
Definition
| lower levels of HDL which leads to heart problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to mevalonate so it competes for synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the core of lipoproteins? |
|
Definition
| cholesterol esters and Tags |
|
|
Term
| What is on the outside of lipoproteins? |
|
Definition
| phospholipids, cholesterol, AA and apolipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| What makes up chylomicrons? |
|
Definition
TAGs apoB-48, apoC-II and apo-E
Made in ER of small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds and activates lipoprotein lipase in capillary beds of aidpose, heart, muscle releasing FA for energy. |
|
|
Term
| A failure of apoB-48 production causes what? |
|
Definition
| build up on TAGs in intestine, since chylomicrons can not be created. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the remnants of chylomicrons? |
|
Definition
| the apo-E receptor in liver causes endocytosis releasing cholesterol and degrading apolipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Why is the difference in Km of adipose and heart lipoprotein lipase different? |
|
Definition
| so heart can always access fat in blood, fat can only when FA are high. |
|
|
Term
| What is type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia? |
|
Definition
| lack of apoC-II or lipoprotein lipase, leading to high chylomicrons in blood |
|
|
Term
| How are de novo TAG's packed? |
|
Definition
| VLDL to ship to other tissues from liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| apoB-100, apoC-II apo-E rest is similar to chylomicrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholesterol, cholesterol esters,apoB-100, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| apoB-100 mediated endocytosis at extrahepatic cells in order to supple cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Lack of apoB-100 causes what? |
|
Definition
| failure to up take LDL (in liver) and leads to hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| apoA-1, some phospholipid starting in the liver and intestinal epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What do HDL contain that combine cholesterol and FA? |
|
Definition
LCAT lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase, creating cholesterol esters
uses phosphatidylcholine and the starting point. |
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Term
| What happens after LCAT acts? |
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Definition
| cholesterol esters stay in HDL, lysophosphatidylcholine binds to serum albumin |
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Term
| Once HDL are high is cholesterol esters what happens? |
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Definition
| liver and steriodogenic tissue uptake. Liver engulfs whole thing, adernal cortex only takes cholesterol. |
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Term
| What is the difference between nascent and mature HDL? |
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Definition
| nascent have little cholesterol, and activate LCAT. |
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Term
| What do Prednisolone and prednisone do? |
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Definition
| anti inflammatory, synthetic cortisol |
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