Term
|
Definition
| production of spermatocytes (1* and 2*) from spermatogonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| morphological differentiation to spermatozoa from spermatocytes |
|
|
Term
| Golgi phase of spermiogenesis |
|
Definition
| Golgi gives rise to acrosome and migrates to one side of cell and centrioles to opposite side |
|
|
Term
| acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis |
|
Definition
acrosomal cap flattends and spreads over surface of nucleus
rotation so centriles and growing flagella face lumen of seminiferous tubule
axoneme outgrowth begins |
|
|
Term
| maturation phase o spermiogenesis |
|
Definition
redisdula body shed, sperm released into lumen
phase continues until reaching epididymus where they gain ability to fertilize an egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elaborate network of channels near mediastinum of testis
squamous, cuboidal, columnar cells
dense fibromuscular stroma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
segment that leaves the testis and goes to epididymus
ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with short cells (absorptive)
only ciliated cells in male tract
cross mediastinum testis and tunica albuginea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
location of capacitation of sperm
prominent muscularis (head - 1 layer, circular; tail - 2 layers, inner circ outer long) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where ejaculatory ducts enter prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly folded, convoluted wall of seminal vesicles; very rich vasculature and smooth muscle present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eosinophilic, glycoprotein-rich concretions in lumen of glands of prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bulbourethral glands - lubrication
prostate - preps vagina
ductus deferens - perstaltic, sympathetic, propulsion
seminal vesicle - clears out urethra after |
|
|
Term
| supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei |
|
Definition
located in hypothalmus
produce vasopressin and oxytocin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets somatotrophic cells of anterior pituitary
stimulates synthesis and release of GH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets thyrotropic and mammotropic cells of anterior pituitary
stimulates synthesis and release of TSH and prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets corticotropic cells of anterior pituitary
stimulates synthesis of POMC and release of B-KPH and ACTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets gonadotropic cells of anterior pituitary
stimulates the release of FSH and LH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets mammotropic cells of anterior pituitary
inhibits release of prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
targets somatotropic and thyrotropic cells of anterior pituitary
inhibits release of GH and TSH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
released by posterior pituitary continuations of hypothalamic neurons
targets collecting ducts in kidney
stimulates water re-absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
released by posterior pituitary continuations of hypothalamic neurons
targets myoepithelial cells (mammary glands) and smooth muscle (uterus)
stimulates contraction of target cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior pituitary: pars tuberalis, pars intermedia, pars distalis
derived from oral ectoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
posterior pituitary: infundibular stalk, pars nervosa
derived from diencephalon (neuroectoderm) |
|
|
Term
| acidophilic chormophils in pars distalis |
|
Definition
| somatotropic and mammotropic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis (salt, sweet, sex)(mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens)
derived from mesoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chromaffic cells "postganglionic neurons" catecholamines
derived from neural crest cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oocyte and follicular epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mesencymal derived tissue that surrounds the ovarian follicle and is a source of estrogen during follicular development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immature oocyte in prophase I
single layer, flattened follicular epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| developing (primary) follicle |
|
Definition
follicular cells stimulated by FSH proliferate and become cuboidal = granulosa cells
theca follicle begins to form
zona pellucida is present
oocyte increases in size, still prophase I |
|
|
Term
| secondary (antral, vesicular) follice |
|
Definition
granulosa cell secrete fluid that forms lake
apoptosis of granulosa cells to make room
theca interna cells are differentiated
oocyte is at full size, still prophase I |
|
|
Term
| mature (Graffian) follicle |
|
Definition
follicle is very large
tremendous amoung of fluid
corona radiata present
cumulus oophorus present
oocyte completes meiosis I (shed first polar body) and stops in metaphase II |
|
|
Term
| follicle regulatory protein (FRP) |
|
Definition
released by FSH-stimualted, dominant folicle
survival of the fittest process to inhibit maturation of other follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
columus oophorus breaks down
estrogen stimulates LH surge
ovarian stoma weakens
proteolytic enzymes released in stoma
granulosa cells weaken
follicle wall ruptures
oocyte with corona radiata released into peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in mucosa of oviducts
produce and secrete substances to help sperm activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bridge endometrial basalis to funtionalis
heavily muscular, grow and shed parts with endometrial cycle |
|
|
Term
| proliferative uterine phase |
|
Definition
wound-healing process
driven by estrogen
epithelial and stromal proliferation
endometrium thickens and uterine glands lengthen/coil
cells accumulate glycogen
coiled arteries regrow into functionalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
progesterone (corpus luteum) --> accumulation of secreted product in lumen of glands
endometrium continues to thicken
uterine glands become swollen, tortuous, irregular
coiled arteries elongate |
|
|
Term
| premenstrual uterine phase |
|
Definition
immediately before loss of functionalis from vascular insufficiency
estrogen/progestone levels fall w/o pregnancy
prostaglandins release in CT of encometrium
coiled arteries constrict and limit blood flow
lymphocytes, macrophages invade stroma
coiled arteries close and open intermittently
ischemia --> cell lysis --> weaken stroma
vessels burst, blood debrides functionalis |
|
|
Term
| menstruation uterine phase |
|
Definition
beginning of uterine cycle
funtionalis is shed
base of uterine glands retained in basalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mid-cyle: estrogen stimulated, watery, fish-ladders, lysozyme
late-cycle: viscous
pregnancy: particularly dense, impenetrable, protective plug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duct elements and very primitive alveolar bud structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duct elements and alveolar buds expand and elaborate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lumen of alveolar structures is filled with secretory product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first milk
lactoprotein-rich, immunoglobulin-rich, low lipid content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suckling -> oxytocin -> contraction of myoepithelial cells -> carry milk through duct system -> afferent CNS inhibit dopamine -> prolactin release -> lactation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oocupied by gelatinous mass, helps maintain shpae of eye
consumes the posterior cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior-most extent of photosensitive retina
neural retina ends, but pigmented epithelium continues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tunica vasculosa = vascular tunic
middle wall of eye
iris, ciliary body, choroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
between epithelium and stroma of cornea
fairly thick
not typical BM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
between stroma and endothelium of cornea
not typical BM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratified squamous non-keratinizing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibroblastic cells in the stroma of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by epithelium on cliearly processes (suface epithelium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
separates choroid from retinal pigment epithelium
part of the choroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ciliary zonules, ligaments
from BM of non-pigmented ciliary epiethlium, across posterior chamber, to BM of lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ciliary muscle relaxes
zonules tense
lens flattens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ciliary muscle contracts
zonules relax
lens bulges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potential space between deed and surface epithelium of the ciliary body
between the apical membranes of both epithelial layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
major protein in the lens fiber cells
increase refractive index of lens
highest in content near center of lens |
|
|
Term
| retina pigment epithelium |
|
Definition
simple cuboidal
rests on Bruch's membrane of choroid |
|
|
