Term
| When Jake applied for a driver's license, he was embarrassed by a momentary inability to remember his address. Jake's memory difficulty most likely resulted from a(n) ________ failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties result from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared with adults, children are more susceptible to |
|
Definition
| the misinformation effect |
|
|
Term
| The reports of children who are interviewed by officials regarding an alleged incident of sexual abuse are most likely to be unreliable if |
|
Definition
| they are questioned about things that didn't happen during the incident |
|
|
Term
| Stressful life experiences such as being raped are not likely to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Harry Bahrick observed that three years after people completed a Spanish course, they had forgotten much of the vocabulary they had learned. This finding indicates that information is lost while it is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nancy was daydreaming about her college plans during a boring lecture on the history of computers. She doesn't remember that ENIAC was the first functioning digital computer because she wasn't paying attention. Nancy's poor memory is best explained in terms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It's evening and we're mentally replaying the day's events. We picture our facial expressions as we listened to a friend's tale of woe. Because we were unable to see these expressions at the time, our recall illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Retroactive interference refers to the |
|
Definition
| disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned material |
|
|
Term
| After hearing stories of things they both had and had not actually experienced with “Mr. Science,” preschool children spontaneously recalled him doing things that were only mentioned in the stories. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they “smashed” into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that |
|
Definition
| portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been |
|
|
Term
| The eerie sense of having previously experienced a current situation is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The occasional tip-of-the-tongue forgetting experienced by older adults can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly glancing at a visual scene without consciously processing it may lead us to experience ________ when we subsequently focus conscious attention on the scene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although Maria can encode and consciously recall new information, she is unable to consciously recall events that happened prior to the brain damage that she suffered as an adolescent. Maria's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When we fall in love, we tend to overestimate how much we liked our partner when we first began dating. This best illustrates the dynamics of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Memory experts who express skepticism regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories emphasize that |
|
Definition
| therapeutic techniques such as guided imagery and dream analysis encourage the construction of false memories |
|
|
Term
| The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The misinformation effect refers to the |
|
Definition
| incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event |
|
|
Term
| Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that |
|
Definition
| the most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it is learned |
|
|
Term
| Every time we “replay” a memory, we replace the original memory with a slightly modified version. Researchers call this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Hailey told her roommate about the chemistry exam she had just completed, she knowingly exaggerated its difficulty. Subsequently, her memory of the exam was that it was as difficult as she had reported it to be. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
| the misinformation effect |
|
|
Term
| Authors and songwriters sometimes think an idea came from their own creative imagination, when in fact they are unintentionally plagiarizing something they earlier read or heard. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repression most clearly involves a failure in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychologists on both sides of the controversy regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse agree that |
|
Definition
| we commonly recover memories of long-forgotten negative as well as positive events |
|
|
Term
| Researchers asked university students to imagine certain childhood events, including a false event such as breaking a window with their hand. They discovered that |
|
Definition
| it is surprisingly easy to lead people to construct false memories |
|
|
Term
| The inability to form new memories is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jackie frequently experiences intrusive memories of an emotionally traumatic experience, which she has been trying to forget. Her intrusive memories provide evidence of unsuccessful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hermann Ebbinghaus found the task of learning new lists of nonsense syllables increasingly difficult as his research career progressed. Which of the following best explains his problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research participants who were exposed to very convincing arguments about the desirability of frequent toothbrushing misrecalled how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the preceding two weeks. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who emphasized that we repress anxiety-arousing memories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jimmy was a patient with anterograde amnesia triggered by brain damage in 1945. Jimmy lost his ability to form new ________ memories but his ability for ________ remained intact. |
|
Definition
| explicit; automatic processing |
|
|
Term
| Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Familiarity with an ongoing situation without any idea of where you experienced it before contributes to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties result from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mrs. Ramos claims to remember being sexually abused by her father when she was less than a year old. Her memory is not likely to be reliable because of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As we retrieve memories from our memory bank, we often alter them based on past experiences and our current expectations. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An attorney uses misleading questions to distort a court witness' recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
| the misinformation effect |
|
|
Term
| Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The misinformation effect refers to the |
|
Definition
| incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event |
|
|
Term
| By incorporating errors originating from a hypnotist's leading questions, “hyponotically refreshed” memories often illustrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mentally re-creating the mood that accompanied your original learning of course material is an effective way to activate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When asked misleading questions after observing an accident, eyewitnesses often reconstruct their initial memories of the event. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
| the misinformation effect |
|
|
Term
| Two people learned nonsense syllables and then tried to recall them after up to eight hours had elapsed. Jenkins and Dallenbach observed that forgetting occurred least rapidly when the individuals spent their time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Knowledge of Latin can help people to learn French. This illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some patients with anterograde amnesia have learned how to spot hard-to-find figures in the Where's Waldo? series without any conscious awareness that they can do so. This best illustrates their retention of ________ memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nancy was daydreaming about her college plans during a boring lecture on the history of computers. She doesn't remember that ENIAC was the first functioning digital computer because she wasn't paying attention. Nancy's poor memory is best explained in terms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After having seen many pictures of the Lincoln Monument during his lifetime, Mr. Adams mistakenly recalled that he had actually visited the site. This best illustrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely because of a failure in |
|
Definition
|
|
