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| a period marked by a widening spectrum of individual ex[ression and a shift toward secular themes within the arts |
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| a dramatic performance in which the text is sung rather than spoken |
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| short oratories alternating arias and recitative |
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| the free declaration of a vocal line, with only a simple instrumental accompainment for support |
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| a solo song in an opera, ontario, or cantata which often gives singer a chance to display technical skill |
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| literally means 'light-dark'. In paintings the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modelling of the subjects depicted |
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| keyboard instrument, the forerunner of the modern piano |
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| keyboard instrument, the forerunner of the modern piano |
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| literally means 'light-dark'. In paintings the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modelling of the subjects depicted; involves dancing |
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| German composer; considered to be one of the greatest and most prolific composers in the Western musical canon; St. Matthew's Passion and The Brandenburg Concertos |
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| leading Baroque composer; wrote several oratorios; wrote The Messiah, The Water Music, The Music for the Royal Fireworks; wrote a series of operas in Italian |
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| Italian Baroque painter; used dramatic contrasts of light and shade - technique called chiaroscuro |
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| Italian sculptor and Baroque achitect; designs are prevalent thru Rome; responsible for the colonade around Saint Peter's; sculptors have expressiveness and energy |
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| Spanish painter; produced portraits of Philip IV and his family; did Las Meninas or The Maids of Honor in which he depicted princess Margarita and her attendants |
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| Flemish painter and diplomat; produced large scale works on a wide range of subjects often conveying energy; did The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus and the life of Marie de'Medici (Journey of Marie de'Medici |
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| Dutch painter; work show striking contrasts in light and shadow as well as richness in color and texture; did The Night Watch and Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph and Old Self-portrait |
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| had The Palace of Versailles built for him |
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| Age of Reason; the 18th century; an age of optimism; trust in science and in hu an reason; belief in natural order; pervasive resentment |
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| derived from the French word rocaille or shell; a baroque art syle characterized by charm and decoration, in which subjects were treated with light heartedness, intended to entertain the eye |
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| the arts inspired from Ancient Greece and Rome |
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| dry sticks of colored chalk that leave a soft powdery hue when rubbed on paper |
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| greatest French rococo painter; best known for fetes galantes or "elegant outdoor festivals"; works reveal a graceful nostalgia rendered in the rococo style; did Pilgrimage to Cythera |
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| French painter; an influential figure of the Neoclassical movement, his work demonstrates a revived interest in Classical ideas and forms as well as the revolutionary political and social climate of the new French Republic; did Oath of the Horatii and Napoleon Crossing the Alps |
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| Austrian composer; spent most of his career in the employ of Prince Esterhazy; nicknamed "the father of the Symphony"; he composed over 100; most famous bieng the London symponies; wrote operas, string quartets, and concertos |
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| Italian for "beautiful singing"; term applied to a school of early 19th century opera which emphasized the aesthetic of a song over realism in plot or action |
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| refers to the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them. |
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| refers to the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them. |
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| German term invented by Wagner meaning "complete art work" to describe his combination of music, poetry, the visual arts, and movement in a single work |
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| symphonic poem; a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section (a movement) in which the content of a poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non-musical) source is illustrated or evoked. The term was first applied by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt to his 13 works in this vein |
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| Leitmotiv in Wagner operas |
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| leading motif; giving an idea or character an individual theme; by combining themes or changing themes; achieved highly complex dramatic and psycological effects; drew subjects from mythology; did it in orchestras |
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| composed painos and symphonies; his works became a beacon of musical Romanticism, representative of the Age Enlightenment and the revolutionary mood of the times; did Symphony No. 3 and The Piano Sonata |
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| his works include concertos, four symphonies, choral compositions, songs, and chamber music; his compositions blend the structure od classical forms with the Romantic expressiveness characteristic of the period; Romantic era |
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| Austrian composer and organist; wrote 9 symphonies, 4 masses, several smaller sacred works, and choral works; music was influenced by Wagner and Schubert; music was unique by its modulations and dissonance; Romantic era |
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| Hungarian Romantic composer and virtuosic pianist; works include symphonic poems, masses, 2 symphonies, and a large number of piano pieces, some of which are extremely challenging technically |
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| Polish Romantic and pianist; wrote predominantly for piano, including nocturnes and etudes, and incorporated folk dances and songs into the melodies of his mazurkas and polonaises; his work reflects desire for personal expression over concern for formal structure as in his 24 Preludes, Op. 28 |
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| a French composer, mainly of operas. In a career cut short by his early death, he achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, became one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertory; Romantic era |
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| preeminent opera composer; 3 major masterpieces Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, and La Traviata; did operas; early opera Nabucco which depicts the captivity of the Jews in Babylon became associated with Italian nationalism; did the opera Othello based on Shakespeare's play; Romantic era |
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| composer; came up with Gesamtkunstwerk - complete work; which synthesized drama, philosophy, music, poetry, & movement; his operas broke away from traditional structures of form and focus on the singers, emphasizing orchestra; introduced leitmotiv; did The Ring, a cycle of 4 separate music dramas |
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