Stupa

Early buddhist structure

solid dome with relic inside. Wall with 4 gates, axis amundi on top

Stupa at Sanchi: contains the remains of buddha after cremation.

Torana

buddhist monument - gateway

Axis Mundi

the axis of the world - connects cosmic matter to celestrial realm.

Ex: Stupa at Sanchi

Great Wall

3rd dynasty

Qin Shi Huangi connected 3000 miles of wall

Terracotta

army created by Qin Shi Huangi made of terracotta

Tree of Life

Axis mundi of the Mayan civilization

Ex: Sarcophogus of Pakal

Psychoduct

Buddhism

Siddiharta was a prince who was protected from all suffering.  When he was introduced to idea of suffering went into the wilderness and meditated under tree for six years - achieved complete enlightements=Buddha.

4 noble truths: life is suffering, the origin of suffering is desire, desire can be overcome, 8 paths to overcoming attachment

Mayan

advanced writing system and calendar system

built on high ground because of too much water

qibla

direction towards Kaaba

calligraphy

Islamic calligraphy excelled during the Ottoman era

ornamental writing - decorative writing

qibla wall

Wall of mosque that is closest to Mecca/ Kabba. Pray towards that wall

minaret

Madrasa

Islamic school

non-figural decoration

images without people.  No representation of prophet Mohammed

hypostyle mosque

early islamic mosque, many columns

can be extended easily. closely resembles Muhammad's house in Medina.

Ex: Kairouan's Great Mosque

Great Mosque of Cordoba

central plan mosque

Ottonian

Descendents of Charlamange, divided Holy Roman Empire, after caroligian

Brief early medieval period before romanesque

preserved and enriched culture of Carolingian period

ex: Mosque of Suleymaniye

Early Islamic

Art work about the quran, calliraphy, Mecca,

Non-iconic

Early Turkish

Early Islamic, ornamental doorways, no figurs or animals

Ex. Mosque and hospital of Divirgi

Medieval apse

basilica plan church

cruciform plan church

cross formed with elongated transept intersepting nave

nave

wide, central corridor of bascillica style church

aisle

Smaller side corridors in bascillica

transept

Section of a church which crosses the nave - forming the cruciform style

manuscript

book with separate pages, cover, spine

codex- medieval manuscript

tympanum

semi-circular decorated space over entrance of a romanesque church

portal

elborate door, romanesque and gothic

Pathway to salvation, decorated with heavily coded images

cloister

courtyard with columns - mostly used by monks and nuns for meditation and prayer

mandorla

 an ancient symbol of two circles coming together, overlapping one another to form an almond shape in the middle.

Ex:St. Lazare

Romanesque

Roman like

expressive, barrel vaults, buttressing, cruciform church

insular art (Hiberno-Saxon)

early art of the British Isles

Ex: Sutton Hoo ship burial

cloisome - melt glass to fill metal frame

carolingian art

Art of France, central Germany

Charlemange - Holy Roman Emperor

gothic

art of barbarians, art of gods (pagen)

 pointed arches, cross vault, glass windows

emphasis on verticality and noble light

pointed arch

Gothic architectural design. 

Made arches stronger so could make them wider or taller without loosing strength

flying buttress

used to transmit the horizontal force of a vaulted ceiling

Gothic buttress - ornamental and elaborate, open

ex. Cathedral of Chartres

stained glass

part of gothic cathedrals

possibly developed from cloisome

tempera

egg and pigment paint

used for manuscripts

verticality

element of Gothic architecture

The tree of Jesse

Geneology of Jesus - Descendents of kings, ties new testment to old testment

Dome of the Rock

690 - Jerusalem

Rock where Abraham sacrificed Issac and Adam and Eve were put to earth

Four-Iwan Mosque

Three sides closed, fourth side open to courtyard

iwan:vaulted spaces opening out at one end