Term
| Animal nervous systems have several principle features. These include all of the following except: |
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Definition
| They coordinate long-term growth and development in an organism |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about plants and nervous systems is correct? |
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Definition
| Plants cannot feel pain because they do not have nervous systems |
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Term
| What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron? |
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Definition
| A nerve is a bundle of neurons,whereas a neuron is a single cell |
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Term
| In a neuron, the cell body: |
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Definition
| contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| receive information from other neurons or from the external environment |
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Term
| IN individuals with multiple sclerosis, myelin is gradually lost. What symptoms would you expect these individuals to exhibit? |
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Definition
| Their neurons gradually lose their ability to conduct electrical impulses |
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Term
| Which of the choices below properly describes the difference between the gray and white matter of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| The white matter is composed of myelinated fibers, and the gray matter is composed of non-myelinated fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| the interface between a neuron and another neuron or muscle or gland |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters in a synaptic clefts have all of the following possible fates except: |
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Definition
| inactivation by acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| An action potential in the optic nerve triggered by light striking the eye is the same as: |
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Definition
| action potential triggered by air, salt, and odorous substance |
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Term
| When you put a piece of chocolate on your tongue, your brain registers a sensation of sweetness. What aspect of a molecule is responsible for its having a particular taste? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because cone cells are less sensitive to light than are rod cells |
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Definition
| they are better suited for daylight vision |
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Term
| Sensory receptors in your skin include |
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Definition
| mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors |
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Term
| The connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not one of the many functions of an endoskeleton? |
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Definition
| storage, protection, production, supporting |
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Term
| The brain is divided into which three main regions? |
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Definition
| Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain |
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Term
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Definition
| semi-permeable barricade that allows essential nutrients and gases to pass through and also prevents harmful molecules from passing into the brain |
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Term
| A boy is born with a specific brain defect in which the two hemispheres of his cerebrum are no longer able to talk to each other. The boy is born without: |
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Definition
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Term
| Caffeine blocks what type of receptors in the human nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not an effect of alcohol on the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Alcohol blocks reuptake of acetylcholine, creating an energized feeling |
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Term
| Some animals are primarily asexual in their reproduction, but have the ability to switch to sexual reproduction under certain conditions. What adaptive advantage might an animal that generally reproduces asexually have by also being able to reproduce sexually? |
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Definition
| increase the genetic diversity of its offspring during periods of stress |
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Term
| Amplexus is a tactic that occurs in most species of frogs. The most likely reason that this tactic has evolved is: |
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Definition
| it ensures that the sperm and egg are released at the same time and in the same place, increasing the likelihood of fertilization |
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Term
| Meiosis occurs in the _____ in females and _____ in males |
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Definition
| follicles; seminiferous tubules |
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Term
| Which three sets of accessory glands add secretions to the semen in human males? |
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Definition
| the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands |
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Term
| When individual females mate with multiple male within a short period of time |
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Definition
| a male that produces more sperm than other males has an increased probability of reproductive success |
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Term
| The tissue that develops into the penis in males, develops into ____ in females |
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Definition
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Term
| The completion of meiosis II in the oocyte of human females occurs: |
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Definition
| after the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| is the initial source of progesterone during pregnancey |
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Term
| In mammalian fertilization, the extracellular layer of the egg that functions, in part, as a sperm receptor is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormones present in birth control pills typically prevent pregnancy by: |
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Definition
| preventing ovarian follicles from maturing |
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Term
| When do cells begin to lose their totipotency? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phenotype of an indiviual who is genetically XY but is lacking the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome would be: |
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Definition
| a person with ovaries and female secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
| In humans, fetal growth is slowest during which trimester? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which of the following methods of assisted reproductive technology does fertilization occur within the woman's body? |
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Definition
| Gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the integumentary system is incorrect? |
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Definition
| it confers specific immunity on an individual because it confers protection against individual pathogens |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about how complement proteins kill bacteria is incorrect? |
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Definition
| Compliment proteins surround and bind to the entire surface of a bacterium, marking it to be engulfed by phagocytes and cytotoxic T celss |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the inflammatory response is incorrect? |
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Definition
| The release of histamine causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood loss in an injured area |
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Term
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Definition
| activate a primary response in vaccinated individual, lead to creation of memory B cells, and are sometimes made of no more than the unique antigens from a pathogen's surface |
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Term
| The major difference between T cells and B cells is that |
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Definition
| T cells do not interact with the innate immune system, but B cells do and T cells bind to foreign antigens, whereas B cells produce proteins (antibodies) |
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Term
| Why don't people develop immunity to the common cold? |
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Definition
| There are at least 200 viruses that causes the common cold and they change over time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The polypeptides that make up the structure of an antibody consist of: |
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Definition
| 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains, shaped like a "Y" with a lower constant region and an upper variable region |
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Term
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Definition
| the culprit is rheumatoid arthritis, which occurs when immune attack on the linings of joints causes inflammation |
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Term
| As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) begins to kill the host's ____, the host's immune system begins to fail |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| network of cells that collects information about the organisms internal and external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the type of cell specialized for generating/ conducting electrical impulses |
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