Term
Does the T4 Bacteriophage make its own DNA-dependent DNA polymerase or use the host cell's? |
|
Definition
| Its gemone encodes its own |
|
|
Term
| What kind of life cycle does the T4 virus have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus has terminally redundant genome and forms a concatamer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two life cycles can the lambda bacteriophage undergo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus has a double stranded DNA genome with cohesive ends and can circularize upon entry of the host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Lambda virus what factors favor the lysogenic cycle? |
|
Definition
| The lambda repressor(CI) and high levels of CII |
|
|
Term
| In the Lambda virus what factor favors the lytic cycle? |
|
Definition
| Cro repressor, drop of CI (lambda repressor) |
|
|
Term
| What cells does Herpes virus target? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What to cycles can Herpes undergo? |
|
Definition
Productive Herpes creates new virions and lysis the host cell
Latent herpes is an inactive form in neuronal cells that cannot be detected but can be induced to enter the productive cycle |
|
|
Term
| When does Herpres virus double stranded DNA genome circularize? |
|
Definition
| When it enters the nucleus of the host |
|
|
Term
| How does Herpes virus enter the host cell? |
|
Definition
| Via adsorption which is mediated through membrane surface proteins |
|
|
Term
| Where does the herpes virus get its outer envelope from? |
|
Definition
| From the Golgi Apparatus of the host cell |
|
|
Term
| How are NCLD viruses unique? |
|
Definition
| They are much larger than most viruses, comparable to some bacteria. Their genome encodes all the enzymes it needs. Caused scientiests to rethink the definition of a cell virus |
|
|
Term
| What is the replicative form? |
|
Definition
| Found in viruses with single stranded DNA genomes. It is when the strand makes a copy of itself and becomes double stranded. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of genomes do the single stranded DNA viruses have? |
|
Definition
parvovirus= (-) strand
bacteriophage ΦX174= (+) strand
Filamentous fd bacteriophage= (+) strand |
|
|
Term
| What two activities does RNA-dependent RNA polymerase have? |
|
Definition
| replicase and transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| What kind of genome does influenza have? |
|
Definition
| (-) strand RNA and segmented |
|
|
Term
| What membrane bound proteins does Influenza have? |
|
Definition
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
hemagglutinin binds to host receptors
neuraminidase hydroylzes mucus |
|
|
Term
Why is a new vaccine needed for Influenza every season?
|
|
Definition
It replicates its genome with an RNA-dependent RNA polyermase which doesn't have proofreading ability and incorporates many mistakes
|
|
|
Term
| How does the influenza virus enter the host cell? |
|
Definition
| It enters as an endosome through the cytoplasm and the change in pH causes a conformation change in the hemagglutinin which causes its contents to be released |
|
|
Term
| What virus steals the 5' cap from the host mRNA and with what protein? |
|
Definition
| Influenza virus via PB1. Used to prime the viral RNA for RNA-dependent RNA synthesis by PB1. |
|
|
Term
| How does the influenza virus leave the host cell? |
|
Definition
| It leaves by budding, takes some of the host cell's membrane. |
|
|
Term
Retroviruses need to bring what two components with them?
|
|
Definition
| Reverse transcriptase and integrase |
|
|
Term
| What activities does reverse transcriptase have? |
|
Definition
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
ribonuclease
no proofreading ability--> mutation prone |
|
|
Term
| What kind of membrane bound proteins does HIV have? What cells does it bind to? |
|
Definition
| gp 120 proteins that bind to CD4+ receptors found on T cells and macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What does HIV use as a primer for reverse transcriptase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the coreceptor used for HIV? |
|
Definition
| CCR5. Can also be used for endocytosis of the virus. If there is a mutation on this receptor it can make a cell resistant to HIV. |
|
|
Term
| How does HIV become AIDS? |
|
Definition
| Whent he gp120 gene is mutated so that it now binds to the receptor CLCX4 which causes those cells to lyse. |
|
|
Term
| What is a successful way of fighting HIV with antibiotics? |
|
Definition
Design a drug that attacks the virus at different stages: 1) stops nucleic acid replication--> AZT
2)another can inhibit the protease that cleaves the long chain of connected proteins
3) block the binding of HIV on CLCX4 and CCR5co-receptors of host cells |
|
|
Term
| Group I Double stranded DNA |
|
Definition
| Herpes, Lambda bacteriophage, T4, NCLD (poxvirus) |
|
|
Term
| Group II Single Stranded DNA Virus |
|
Definition
| Bacteriophage ΦX174, filamentous bacteriophage fd, parvovirus |
|
|
Term
| Group III Single Stranded + RNA genome |
|
Definition
| Bacteriophage Φ6 and rotavirus |
|
|
Term
| Group IV Single Stranded +RNA virus |
|
Definition
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Poliovirus |
|
|
Term
| Group V Single Strand - RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group VI Single Strand RNA Retrovirus |
|
Definition
|
|
