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Exam 3
ch 15-20
157
Management
Undergraduate 3
11/15/2012

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Term
group
Definition
any number of people who
interact with one another
are psychologically aware of one another
percieve themselves to be a group
Term
managers should study groups because
Definition
groups exist in all kinds of orgs
groups inevitably form in all facets of org existence
groups can cause either desirable or indersirable consequences within the org
understanding of groups can help managers raise the probability that the groups with which they work will cause desirable consquences within the org
Term
formal group
Definition
group that exists within an org by virtue of management decree to perform tasks that enhance the attainment of org objectivies
Term
command group
Definition
formal group that is outlined in the chain of command on an org chart
Term
task group
Definition
formal group of org members who interact with one another to accomplish most of the org nonroutine tasks
Term
committee
Definition
group of individuals charged with performing some types of specific activity and is usually clasified as a task group
Term
why committees are established
Definition
allow org members to exchange ideas
generate suggestions and recommendations that can be offered to other org units
develop new ideas for solving existing org problems
assist in the development of org policies
Term
can raise te quality of committee discussions by
Definition
rephrasing ideas already expressed
bringing all members into active participation
stimulating further thought by members
Term
groupthink
Definition
mode of thinking that group members engage in when the desire for agreement so dominates the group thatit overrides the need to realistically appraise alternative problem solutions
Term
work team
Definition
example of a task group used in org
Term
stages of formal group develepment
Definition
acceptance stage
communication and decision-making
group solidarity
group control stage
Term
charaistics of a maximum maturity and effectiveness
Definition
members function as a unit
members participate effectively in group effort
members are oriented toward a single goal
members have skills necessary to attain the groups goals
members ask and recieve suggestions from one another
Term
informal group
Definition
defined as a collection of individuals whose common work experience results in the development of a system of interpersonal relations that extend beyond those estab. by management
Term
interest group
Definition
informal group thats gains and maintains membership primarily because of a common concren members have about a specific issue
Term
friendship group
Definition
informal group that forms in org because of personal affiliation members have with one another
Term
sociometry
Definition
analytical tool managers canuse for this purpose
Term
sociogram
Definition
constucted to summarize the informal relationship among group members
Term
team
Definition
group whose memebers influence one another toward the accomplishment of an org objective
Term
problem solving team
Definition
a team set up to eliminate a specified problem within the org
Term
self managed team /
self managed work /
self directed team
Definition
a team tha plans, organizes, influences, and controls its own work situation with only minimal intervention and direction from management
Term
cross functional team
Definition
work team composed of people from different funstional areas of the org marketing, finance, human resources, and opertions
Term
foaming
Definition
memeber of the newly formed team become oriented to the team and acuainted with one another
Term
storming
Definition
conflicting and dsagreement ass team memebers become more assertive in clrifying their individual roles
Term
norming
Definition
agreement among team members on roles, rules, and acceptable behavior while working on the team
Term
performing
Definition
the team fully focuses on solving org problems and on meeting assigned challenges
Term
adjourning
Definition
team is no finising te job and prparing to disband
Term
stages of a team
Definition
forming
storming
norming
performing
adjouring
Term
org related steps
Definition
building a stable overal org
becoming involved in team events
properly rewards accomplishments
setting stable goals
Term
people related steps
Definition
making team work satisfying
developing mutual trystbuliding good communication
minimzing unresolved conflicts
dealing effectively with threats
building security for team mebers
Term
task related steps
Definition
deleveoping clear plans
providing proper direction
estab autonomy for the team
appointing experience personnel
encourging team involvment
buliding visibility within the org
Term
influencing
Definition
process of guiding the activities of orgs members in appropriate directions
Term
management activities for influencing subsystems
Definition
leading
motivating
considering groups
communicating
encouraging creativity and innovation
building corporate cluture
Term
emotional intelligence
Definition
capcity of people to recognize their own feelings and the feeling of other, to motivate themselves, and to manage their own emotions as well as the emotions in relationships with others
Term
communication
Definition
process of sharing info with other individuals
Term
interpersonal communicators must know
Definition
how interpersonal comm works
the relationship b/w feedback and interp comm
importance of verbal vs. nonverbal interp comm
Term
source/encoder
Definition
person in the interpersonal comm. situation who orginates and encodes to be shared with others
Term
signal
Definition
message that has been transmitted from 1 person to another
Term
decoder/destination
Definition
person with whom the source is attempting to share info
Term
successful comm
Definition
interpersonal comm situation in which the info the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are the same
Term
unsuccessful comm
Definition
interpersonal comm situation in which the infor the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted message are different
Term
comm barriers
Definition
factors that decrease the probability that comm will be successful
Term
comm macrobarriers
Definition
factors that hinder successful comm in a general comm situation
Term
comm microbarriers
Definition
factors that hinder successful comm in a specfic comm situation
Term
feedback
Definition
destinations reaction to a message
Term
verbal comm
Definition
comm that uses either spoken or written works to share info with others
Term
nonverbal comm
Definition
sharing info w/o using words to encode thoughts
Term
organizational comm
Definition
dirtecly relates to the goals functions and structure of human org
Term
formal org com
Definition
org comm that follows the lines of the org chart
Term
types of formal org comm
Definition
downward
upward
lateral
Term
downward org comm
Definition
comm that flows from any point on an org chart downward to another point on the org chart
Term
upward org comm
Definition
comm that flows from any point on an org chart upward to another point on the org chart
Term
lateral org comm
Definition
comm that flows from any point on an org chart horizontally to another point on the org chart
Term
serial transmission
Definition
passing info from one individual to another in a series
Term
informal org comm
Definition
org comm that does not follow the lines of the org chart
Term
grapevine
Definition
informal org comm network
Term
single strand grapevine
Definition
tends to distort messages more than any other

A tells B, who tells C
Term
grossip grapevine
Definition
A informs everyone else on grapevine
Term
probability grapevine
Definition
A comm randomly
Term
cluster grapevine
Definition
info travels only to selected individuals
Term
leadership
Definition
process of directing the behavior of others toward the accomplishment of some objective
Term
trait approach to leadership
Definition
describe a successful leader as precisely as possible
Term
situational approach to leadership
Definition
based on assumptions that each instance of leaderhip is different and therefore requires a unique comination of leaders followers and leadership situations

SL=f(L,F,S)
Term
subordinate centerd leaders
Definition
more democratic, allow more freedom for subordinates
Term
boss centered leaders
Definition
more autocratic, use of authority by the manager
Term
forces that influence a manger leadership behavior
Definition
forces in the manager
forces in the subordinates
forces in the situation
Term
Vroom-Yetton-Jago model of leadership
Definition
focuses on how much participation to allow subordinates in the decision making process
Term
structure behavior
Definition
any leadersip activity that delineates the relationship b/w the leader and the leaders followers or estab well-defined procedures followers should adhere to in performing their jobs
Term
consideration behavior
Definition
leadership behavior that reflects friendship, mutual trust, and warmth in the relationship b/w leader and followers
Term
credit hogs
Definition
taking credit for the good ideas of others
Term
lone rangers
Definition
work mostly by themselves and not closely with other workers
Term
egomaniacs
Definition
believe that success will only come through the efforts of management as opposed to workers
Term
mules
Definition
stubborn and inflexible
Term
leadership style
Definition
behavior a leader exhibits while guiding org memebers in appropriate directions
Term
job centered behavior
Definition
leader behavior that focuses primarily on the work a subordinate is doing
Term
employee centered behavior
Definition
leader behavior that focuses primarily on subordinates as people
Term
life cycle theory of leadership
Definition
rationale for linking leadership styles with various situations to ensure effective leadership
Term
life cycle maturity
Definition
ability of followers to perform their job independently to assume additional responsibility and to desire to achieve success
Term
leader flexibility
Definition
idea that successful leaders must change their leadership styles as they encounter different situations
Term
contindency theory of leadership
Definition
leadership concept that hypothesizes that sucess is determined by leader member relations, task structure, position power
Term
path goal theory of leadership
Definition
primary activities of a leaders are to make desirable and achevable rewards to org memebers who attain org goals and to clarify the kinds of behavior that must to earn those reward
Term
4 primary types of behavior
Definition
diective behavior
supportive behavior
participative bahavior
achievement bahavior
Term
transformal leaderhsip
Definition
inspires org sucess by profoundly affecting followers beliefs in what an org should be
Term
coaching
Definition
leadership that instucts followers on how to meet the special org challenges they face
Term
listens closely
Definition
coaching leader tries to gather the facts in what is said the feeling and emotions behind what is said
Term
gives emotional support
Definition
coaching leader gives followers personal encouragement
Term
superleadership
Definition
leading by showing others how to lead themselves
Term
servant leadership
Definition
approach to leading in which leaders view their primary role as helping followers in thwir quests to satisfy personal needs aspirations an interests
Term
entrepreneurial leadership
Definition
leadership that is based on the attitude that the leader is selfemployed
Term
motivation
Definition
inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal
Term
process theory of motivation
Definition
explanation of motivation that empasizes peoples internal chara.
Term
needs goal theory
Definition
motivation model that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior
Term
motivation strength
Definition
individuals degree of desire to perform a behavior
Term
equity theory
Definition
an indivduals perceived fairness of an employment situation and finds that percieved inequalities can lead to changes in beahvior
Term
intrinsic reward
Definition
directly from performing the task
Term
extrinsic reward
Definition
extraneous to the task
Term
existence needs
Definition
need for physical well being
Term
related needs
Definition
need for satisfying interpersonal relationship
Term
growth needs
Definition
need for continuing personal growth and development
Term
need for achievement
Definition
desire to so something better or be more efficiently
Term
need for power
Definition
desire to control influence or be responsible for others
Term
need for affiliation
Definition
desire to maintain close friendsly personal relationships
Term
Theory X
Definition
negative assumptions
Term
Theory Y
Definition
positive assumptions
Term
job relation
Definition
moving workers from job to job rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long term
Term
job enlargement
Definition
increasing the # of operations an individual performs to enhance the individuals satisfactions in work
Term
hygiene/maintenance factors
Definition
items that influence the degree of job dissatisfaction
Term
motivtion factors
Definition
items that influence the degree of job satisfaction
Term
job enrichment
Definition
process of incorporating motivators into a job situation
Term
flextime
Definition
flexible working hours
Term
behavior modification
Definition
focuses on encouraging appropriate behavior by controlling the consequences of that behavior
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
reward that consists of a desirable consequence of behavior
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
reward that consists of the elmination of an underiable consequence of behavior
Term
organizational culture
Definition
set of shared values that org memebers have regarding the functioning and existence of their org
Term
organizational subcluture
Definition
mini-culture within an org that can reflect the values and beliefs of a specific segment of an org formed along lies such as eestablished departments or geopraphic regions
Term
dominant organization culture
Definition
shares valus about organizational functioning held by the majority of org members
Term
code of conduct
Definition
document that reflects the core values of an organization and suggests how org members should act in relation to them
Term
clan culture
Definition
an org culture characterized by a stong internal focus with a high degree of flexibility and discretion
Term
adhocracy culture
Definition
org culture charaterized by flexibility and discreion along with an external focus
Term
hierarchy culture
Definition
org culture characterized by an internal focus along with an emphasis on stablity and control
Term
market culture
Definition
org culture that reflects values that emphasize stability and control along with an external focus
Term
steps that build an org culture the yields high performance
Definition
lead as champion
link work to org mission
track and talk about performance
build a hierarchy of objective
invest in talent
recognize and reward
hold managers accoutable
build org commitment
Term
org commitment
Definition
the dedication of org memebrs to uphold the values of the org and to make worthwhile contributions to fulfilling org purpose
Term
quality dimension of org culture
Definition
element of org culture that focueses on making sure a product, in the opinion of the customer, does what it is supposed to do
Term
ethics dimension of org culture
Definition
facet of org culture that focueses on making sure an org emphasizes not only what is good for the org, but what is good for other human beings
Term
innovation dimension of org culture
Definition
aspect of org culture that encourages rhe appliatin of new ideas to the improvement of org processes, products, or serices
Term
spirituality dimension of org culture
Definition
aspect of org culture that encourages org memebrs to integrate spirtual life and work life
Term
divesity dimension of org culture
Definition
compenent of org culture that encourages the existence of basic human differences among org members
Term
customer dimension of org culture
Definition
facet of org culture that focuses on catering to he needs of those indivduals who buy goods or services produced
Term
cultural artifact
Definition
dimension of an org that helps to decribe and reinforce the culture or beliefs values and norms in which an artifact exists
Term
value
Definition
belief of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment
Term
values statement
Definition
formally drafted document that summarizes the primary values within the culture of a specific org
Term
organizational myth
Definition
popular beliefor story that has become associated with a person or institution that is considered to illustrate an org culture ideal
Term
organizational saga
Definition
narrative describing the adventures of a heroic indivdual or family sihnificantly linked to an org pasts or present
Term
organizational storytelling
Definition
act of passing organizational myths and sagas to other org memebrs
Term
organizational symbol
Definition
object that has meaning beyond its intrinsic content
Term
organizational ceremony
Definition
formal activity conducted on important org accasions
Term
organizational socialzation
Definition
process by which management can appropriately integrate new employees within an org culture
Term
healthy org culture
Definition
org culture that faciliates the achievement of the org mission and objectives
Term
unhealthy org culture
Definition
org culture that does not facilitate the accomplishment of the orgs mission and objectives
Term
creativity
Definition
ability to generate orginal ideas o new perspectives on existing ideas
Term
creative thinking
Definition
capacity to put existing ides together in new combinations
Term
expertise
Definition
everything an individual knows and can do in the broad domain of his or her work
Term
motivation
Definition
individuals need or passion to be creative
Term
steps to encourage workers
Definition
challenge workers
estab worker autonomy
afford time for accomplishing work
estab diverse work groups
peronally encourage workers
estab systems support
hire and retain cretive people
Term
innovation
Definition
procss of applying a new idea to the improvement of org processes, products, or services
Term
innovation process
Definition
steps managers take to implement creative ideas
Term
inventing
Definition
step of the innovation process that establishes a new idea that could help the org be more successful
Term
determination of new ideas
Definition
technology ideas
product ideas
process ideas
management ideas
Term
developing
Definition
step of the innovation process that makes a new idea practical
Term
diffusing
Definition
step of the innovation process that puts a new idea to use by end users or customers
Term
integrating
Definition
step of the innovation process that establishes an ivention as a permanent part of the org
Term
monitoring
Definition
step of the innovation process in which a newly implemented idea is tracked to determine if and when the idea should be improved or terminated
Term
steps of innovation
Definition
inventing
developing
diffusing
integrating
monitoring
Term
quality
Definition
how well a product does what it is supposed to do
Term
total quality management
Definition
continuous process of involving all org memebers in ensuring that every activity related to the production of goods or services has an appropriate role in establishing product quality
Term
producting high quality products requires
Definition
postitive company image
lower costs and higher market share
decrease product liability costs
Term
quality improvement process
Definition
choose an area of improvement
organize a quality improvment team
identify "benchmarks"
perform analysis of current performance
perform pilot study
managemnt implements the improvement
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