Term
| when did gangsters shift in demographics |
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Definition
| in 1950s towards more nonwhite gangs |
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Term
| when did gangs start and by whom |
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Definition
| young white people in the 19th century |
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Term
| textbook definition of gangs |
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Definition
| a self-established, somewhat organized, antisocial group |
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Term
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Definition
-individual problems:not having strong role models for parents or mental problems.
-family dysfunction
-existence of gangs in community:hard to start your own gang
-neighborhood characteristics:lack of social control;areas with unrestricted loitering rules
-school quality
-demography |
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Term
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Definition
multiple marginality theory
differential association theory |
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Term
| multiple marginality theory |
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Definition
| a certain group feels marginalized(dislocated, alienated, and isolated) so it allows for them to form up easier |
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Term
| differential association theory |
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Definition
| violence is learned like anything else. learning from people we associate with in our minds which inculcates pro violent attitudes |
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Term
|
Definition
-age:wide range of ages even when though seen as youth social problem. older people provide the model criminal.
-ethnicity:most members are Hispanic then African American |
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Term
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Definition
| survival mechanism and sense of belonging |
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Term
| role of girls in gangs vs men |
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Definition
| not as involved in the heavier crime(thought to be weaker in mind). |
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Term
| female associates in gangs |
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Definition
| belonging to predominately male members and aren't subordinated. |
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Term
| female auxiliaries in gang |
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Definition
| play subordinate role. most likely picture of females in gangs. more sexually exploited. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when oppose male dominance females may make all female gang |
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Term
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Definition
| get jumped and beaten up to show toughness or perpetuate a crime where prize goes to gang. |
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Term
| models in gang leadership |
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Definition
no leadership structure
power hierarchies with several levels
shared leadership among several people |
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Term
| why police say crime in gang related |
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Definition
| victims have tattoos or wears certain colors. |
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Term
| percent of homicides gang related in 2000 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where higher rates of violence gang related |
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Definition
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Term
| best way to attack a gang as a problem |
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Definition
| tailer make policy to structure of gang and what gangs primary motives are. community must get involved as well |
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Term
| 3 policies to help gang problem |
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Definition
suppression
prevention
intervention |
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Term
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Definition
| most aggressive. either eliminate gangs or repress the behavior. police need to sweep gang area and show force and intimidation |
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Term
|
Definition
| eliminate the conditions that lead to development of gangs. use members of community to help kids stay in school. least aggressive |
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Term
|
Definition
| middle of road between other two policies. intervenes on at risk youth who have started in gangs and gives them treatment |
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Term
| why do people act on hate violence |
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Definition
prejudicial beliefs
emotions like envy or fear concerning people who are different
retaliation |
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Term
| prime case for how people perpetrate hate violence |
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Definition
| they dehumanize there victims which excuses there acts |
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Term
| how does internet make racism worse |
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Definition
| validates and perpetuates a person's violent stereotype through others same views |
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Term
| relationships between hate crime and historical event |
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Definition
| high crimes increase after major historical even |
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Term
| which country leads in bullying |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| why police aren't first responders |
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Definition
| too slow. school staff is there first. problem is over before police come |
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Term
| main "profile" of school shooter |
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Definition
| talk about it before hand. and kids are bullied. have easy access to guns. male |
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Term
|
Definition
| teach kids more interpersonal communication. get teachers and parents to be more aware |
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Term
| why hard to define terrorism |
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Definition
| not all kidnapping is terrorism. |
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Term
|
Definition
| used as a tool and not expressing emotion and a mission. |
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Term
| when is hard to tell terrorist from patriot |
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Definition
| if govt attacks the people |
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Term
|
Definition
| make some offenses illegal worldwide because the offenses(germ warfare, torture of prisoners) are too severe |
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Term
| other uncommon forms of genocide |
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Definition
| measure preventing births. forced assimilation into the culture(ethnocide) |
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Term
| why hard to prosecute child soldering |
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Definition
| hard to tell who is child solder due to children not listed as fighters |
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Term
| convention for rights of child |
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Definition
| establish goals for children. goals that help children grow up in healthiest way possible. |
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Term
| negatives from convention for rights of child |
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Definition
| takes away freedom of state govt and parents to discipline there children. children could even sue there parents. might increase parents doing abortion |
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Term
| common old myth about children |
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Definition
| can't tell reality from fiction. hard for child to tell if violent act is "normal" |
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Term
| theories on media and violence relationships |
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Definition
catharsis hypothesis:exposure to violence is cathartic and a release for people and curbs violent acts
precipitation hypothesis:exposure to media violence produces great propensities in people for aggression and violence |
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Term
| argument for catharsis hypothesis |
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Definition
| japan has more violent media and they don't have more violent acts in reality |
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