Term
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Definition
| reduced N2->NH4 using H2 as the electron donor and ATP as the energy source. |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzing agent of nitrogen fixation (can be inhibited by O2) |
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Term
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Definition
| important for bacteria to produce different amino acids (biosynthetic) |
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Term
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Definition
| moving an amino group from on compound to another |
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Term
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Definition
| act as competitive inhibitors (bind to the active site) e.g. Penicillins |
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Term
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Definition
| products of fungus (ceftazidime, cefotaxim) |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid encoded enzymes that cleave the lactam ring |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| altered penicillin binding proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs which would inhibit resistance factor. |
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Term
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Definition
| exhibit reduced uptake of aminglycosides, beta lactams and quinolones. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit or disrupt transcription |
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Term
| aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides. |
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Definition
| inhibit or disrupt translation |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit or disrupt DNA replication |
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Term
| beta-lactams, bacitracin, vancomycin, cyclosporine |
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Definition
| inhibit or disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces the activity of the immune system by interfering with the activity and growth of T cells. (used in transplants) |
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Term
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Definition
| inactivates bactoprenol by inhibiting removal of the extra phosphate in cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents transpeptidization of peptidoglycan subunits. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the terminal D-alanine is changed to either D-lactate or a D-serine residue preventing it from binding to the peptide chain. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bases in one strand match up with those of the other according to specific binding rules. A-T C-G |
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Term
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Definition
| large groove allowing transcription factors to bind to. |
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Term
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Definition
| held together by 3 hydrogen bonds. (more stable) |
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Term
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Definition
| held together by 2 hydrogen bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature at which a molecule of dsDNA separates into single strands. (dependent of length of bp and GC content) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| base, sugar, and a phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit folic acid synthesis by competitive inhibition (PABA analogues) |
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Term
| Methotrexate/Trimethoprim |
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Definition
| competitively inhibit dihydrofolate (DHF) reductase because they are folic acid analogues, thus preventing the reduction of DHF |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophobic, helping to stabilize molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrophillic, linked by phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides within a strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| no compartmentalization of the cell allowing it to supercoil. |
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Term
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Definition
Cellular role is to repair.
chain elongation 5->3 (polymerization)
3->5 exonuclease (proofreading)
5->3 exonuclease (RNA primer removal, nick translation) |
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Term
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Definition
chain elongation 5->3 (polymerization)
3->5 exonuclease (proofreading) |
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Term
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Definition
Heteromulteric protein. functions as a dimer.
Chain elongation 5->3 (polymerization)
3->5 exonuclease (proofreading) |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from Thermus aquaticus, used in laboratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
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Term
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Definition
| relieve tension generated by the rapid unwinding of the double helix. (actually breaks the strand) |
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Term
| Single stranded DNA binding proteins |
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Definition
| protects ssDNA from nuclease activity, prevents ssDNA from re-anneling, straightens ssDNA preventing formation of secondary structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| single nicks DNA, unwinds DNA by revolving cut strand around axis of intact strand, nick closing activity, relaxes supercoils. |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP dependent, double nicks DNA. introduces negative supercoils, induces supercoiling (Gyrase) |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of DNA replication, which consists of an origin of replication, region of replication, and a site of termination. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| huge complex of proteins that includes DNA polymerase III holoenzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for separating the DNA strands, these enzymes use energy from ATP hydrolysis to unwind short stretches of helix just ahead of the replication forks. |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA strand on the lagging strand, usually 10 nucleotides long and complimentary of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| tethers a DNA template to each core enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| methylation site GATC (DAM) |
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Term
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Definition
| gene products of Tus binds to the Ter sites preventing progress of helicase. |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to DNA at dnaA box shortly after replication, binds DNA to inner plasma membrane, inhibits DAM activity, blocks dnaA expression; inhibits replication initiation. |
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Term
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Definition
| flat planar molecules wedge in between stacked base pairs, prevent dsDNA melting. (bromide, actinomycin D, acridine orange) |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit nick closing activity of topoisomerases. (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, fluoroquinolone. |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by streptomycin, inhibits supercoiling activity of topoisomerases, effective against S. aureus and other gram positives. (differentiating antibiotic) |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of a mismatched base immediately after it has been added. removal must occur before the next base is incorporated. |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that can metabolize pyruvate to numerous products ethanol, and a mixture of acids, particularly acetic, lactic, succinct, and formic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| form substantial amounts of products other than lactate, many also produce ethanol and CO2. |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to 50S subunit, inhibits transpeptidase activity. (broad spectrum) produced by streptomyces |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to EF-Tu, inhibiting its function |
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