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Exam 3
Vocabulary review
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/25/2012

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Cards

Term
Pronunciation effect
Definition
The more syllables, the less items can be recalled.
Term
Pronunciation similarity effect
Definition
Acoustic confusion you remember the wrong, similar information. (ex: remembering D instead of B)
Term
Dual task inference
Definition
If you give someone two tasks for the phonological loop, they will interfere. If you give one visual task and one phonological task, they will not interfere.
Term
Central executive
Definition
Decides what information to keep, decides how to encode; has a limited capacity
Term
Articulary suppression
Definition
Give someone something to repeat and then ask them to simultaneously perform a task (i.e. repeating the word "the" while doing a math problem)
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
Where do central executive tasks occur?
Term
Visuospatial sketchpad
Definition
Processes both visual and spatial information
Term
Phonological loop
Definition
Processes a limited number of sounds for a short period of time
Term
Working memory span
Definition
Give people a series of sentences to read, and test their memory for the content and words of the sentence; asked to remember the last word of each sentence
Term
Primacy effect & recency effect
Definition
Two components of the serial position effect
Term
Chunking.
Definition
Short term memory is increased by...
Term
Rehearsal.
Definition
Duration can be lengthened by...
Term
Digit span
Definition
The length of the longest list of digits you can remember.
Term
Brown-Peterson task
Definition
(1) present a set of lettesr
(2) count backwards by 7 (interface)
(3) report the letters
Term
Episodic memory
Definition
memories about your own personal experiences; autobiographical memory
Term
Semantic memory
Definition
general knowledge; facts about the world
Term
Retrograde amnesia
Definition
lose memories from the past (i.e. you may not remember how an injury happened when you wake up)
Term
Anterograde amnesia
Definition
loss of ability to form new memories (i.e. HM who damaged his hippocampus)
Term
Non declarative memory
Definition
Refers to the unconscious memories (i.e. how to ride a bike)
Term
Working memory span
Definition
Give people a series of sentences to read, and test their memory for the content and words of the sentence; asked to remember the last word of each sentence
Term
Primacy effect & recency effect
Definition
Two components of the serial position effect
Term
Chunking.
Definition
Short term memory is increased by...
Term
Rehearsal.
Definition
Duration can be lengthened by...
Term
Digit span
Definition
The length of the longest list of digits you can remember.
Term
Brown-Peterson task
Definition
(1) present a set of lettesr
(2) count backwards by 7 (interface)
(3) report the letters
Term
Episodic memory
Definition
memories about your own personal experiences; autobiographical memory
Term
Semantic memory
Definition
general knowledge; facts about the world
Term
Retrograde amnesia
Definition
lose memories from the past (i.e. you may not remember how an injury happened when you wake up)
Term
Anterograde amnesia
Definition
loss of ability to form new memories (i.e. HM who damaged his hippocampus)
Term
Non declarative/procedural memory
Definition
Refers to the unconscious memories (i.e. how to ride a bike)
Term
Declarative memory
Definition
You can put the actual memory into words
Term
Vonn Rhestorff effect
Definition
an item in a list that is distinctive
Term
Craik and Lockhart
Definition
introduced the levels of processing approach; based on the metaphor that memory is a container and information are the objects
Term
Post-event misinformation effect
Definition
People first view an event, and then afterward they are given misleading information about the event; later on, they mistakenly recall the misinformation rather than the event they actually saw.
Term
Retroactive inference
Definition
People have trouble recalling old memories because some recently learned material keeps interfering with old memories (ex: lawyer giving misinformation & you report the misinformation rather than the actual event)
Term
Mood-dependent memory
Definition
Performance is best when moods matched during learning and testing
Term
Mood-congrument memory
Definition
Performance is best when mood matches the content of the material; i.e. if you are happy during learning, you will remember the happy words best during testing
Term
Elizabeth Loftus
Definition
Studies eyewitness errors; proved that eyewitness accounts can be inaccurate by feeding misinformation that people report rather than the actual event
Term
Encoding specificity
Definition
Good performance is not only how you encode it, but also in the situation you retrive it in matches the encoding situation (i.e. going into a room and forgetting why you walked in there and returning to the previous room to remember)
Term
Elaboration
Definition
requires rich processing in terms of meaning and interconnected concepts
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