Term
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Definition
| (conception to 2 weeks) the fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo |
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Term
| 3 stages of parental development |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (2 weeks through 8 weeks) The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month. |
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Term
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Definition
| (9 weeks to birth) the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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Term
| symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Definition
| small, mis-proportioned head and lifelong brain abnormalities. |
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Term
| benefits of breastfeeding for moms |
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Definition
| weight loss, lower pain (Soreness), lower cost(formula), lower risk of osteoporosis, lower risk of cancer. |
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Term
| benefits of breast feeding for child |
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Definition
| Attachment, higher brain development, tend to be leaner, fewer allergies, higher immunity. |
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Term
| reflexes infants are born with |
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Definition
| rooting, sucking, startle, babinski, grasp, stepping |
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Term
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Definition
| A newborn infant will turn his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth, searching for the object by moving his head |
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Term
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Definition
| the child to instinctively suck at anything that touches the roof of their mouth and suddenly starts to suck simulating the way they naturally eat. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is likely to occur if the infant's head suddenly shifts position, the temperature changes abruptly, or they are startled by a sudden noise. The legs and head extend while the arms jerk up and out with the palms up and thumbs flexed. |
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Term
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Definition
| touch foot of babie, toes spread and feet curl back |
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Term
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Definition
| When an object is placed in the infant's hand and strokes their palm, the fingers will close and they will grasp it |
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Term
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Definition
| when the soles of their feet touch a flat surface they will attempt to 'walk' by placing one foot in front of the other |
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Term
| what type of objects or drawings do infants prefer |
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Definition
| prefer human faces, black and white objects, and exaggerated faces. |
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Term
| at what distance do infants prefer to look at objects |
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Definition
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Term
| when do babies typically say their first word |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| putting ideas into words (comes second) |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding what others say (comes first) |
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Term
| do infants show a difference in temperament |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| qualities of a difficult baby |
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Definition
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Term
| do identical twins have more similar temperaments than fraternal twins or brothers an sisters? |
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Definition
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Term
| is temperament influenced by biology/heredity |
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Definition
| temperament has a large genetic component. |
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Term
| do non-twin siblings resemble one another in terms of personality? |
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Definition
| not often, most have different personalities. |
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Term
| what did Jean Piaget study? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development. |
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Definition
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational |
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Term
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Definition
| experiencing the world through senses and actions(looking, hearign touching, mouthing, and grasping) birth-2 yrs. |
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Term
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Definition
| representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. (2--6-7yrs) |
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Term
| Concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| Thinking logically about concrete events;grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.(7-11yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
| reasoning abstractly (12-adulthood) |
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Term
| what new developments occur during the sensorimotor stage |
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Definition
| object permanence, stranger anxiety |
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Term
| what new developments occur during the preoperational stage |
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Definition
| pretend play, egocentrism |
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Term
| what new developments occur during the concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| conservation, mathematical transformations |
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Term
| what new developments occur during the formal operational stage |
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Definition
| abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects) Milk glass exp. |
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Term
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Definition
| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. (bike crash site) |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age peaking at 12 months of age. |
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Term
| describe teh basic findings of harry harlow's research |
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Definition
| monkeys prefered soothing touch over others |
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Term
| does the mother-infant emotional bond result primarily from mothers providing nourishment or contact comfort |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of infants who are security attached, what parental behavior leads to this? |
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Definition
| in their mothers presence, they play comfortably, happily exploring their new environment. when she leaves, they become upset. when she returns, they seek contact with her. (sensitive, responsive mothers. |
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Term
| Characteristics of infants who are insecurely attached, what parental behavior leads to this? |
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Definition
| show anxiety or avoidance of trusting relationships, less likely to explore their surroundings. they may even cling to their mother. when she leaves, some cry loudly and remain upset. others seem not to notice or care about her departure adn returen. insensitive, unresponsive mothers. |
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Term
| describe the effects of deprivation of attachment. |
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Definition
| withdrwawn, frightened, even speechless. |
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Term
| do children abandoned in orphanages at infancy have lasting emotional scars |
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Definition
| more than 8 months institutionalized bore lasting emotional scars |
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Term
| what happened to Harlow's monkeys who were raised in total isolation. |
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Definition
| when placed with other monkeys their age, they either cowered in fright or lashed out in aggression. when they reached sexual maturity, most were incapable of mating. females that had babies were often neglectful, abusive, even murderous toward them. |
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Term
| What percent of those who are abused go onto abuse their own children? |
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Definition
| 30%. four times the U.S. national rate of child abuse. |
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Term
| prolonged and severe childhood sexual abuse places children at increased risk of developing what types of problems? |
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Definition
| health problems, psychological disorders, substance abuse, and criminality. |
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Term
| three types of parenting styles |
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Definition
| authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. |
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Term
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Definition
| impose rules; expects obedience |
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Term
| permissive indulgent parents |
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Definition
| warm, but undemanding. to much |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sets rules, but is also responsive and nurturing. just right |
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Term
| do parents have a strong influence on their childrens' personality? |
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Definition
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Term
| what qualities of their children can parents influence? |
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Definition
| voting, political views, likes dislikes, weather etc. |
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Term
| Howard Gardner's quote regarding the differences between parent and peer influences in children/adolescents. (Parents) |
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Definition
| Parents are more important when it comes to eductaion, discipline, responsibility, orderliness, charitableness, and ways of interacting with authority figures. |
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Term
| Howard Gardner's quote regarding the differences between parent and peer influences in children/adolescents. (peers) |
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Definition
| peers are more important for learning cooperation, for finding the road to popularity, for inventing styles of interaction among people of the same age. |
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Term
| when does adolescence begin and end |
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Definition
| begins with puberty around 13 in boys and 11 in girls ends in 20's |
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Term
| does research support the notion of the "empty nest syndrome" |
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Definition
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Term
| does marital satisfaction tend to decrease after the birth of a couple's first baby? |
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Definition
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