Kitty Genovese

What happened to her?

How many witnesses were there?

How many called for help?

 How do social psychologists like Latane and Darley explain the incident?

Stabbed

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Diffusion of responsibility

Smoke filled room study

Darley and Latane

Helping is less likely with more people

Darley and Latane

Study?

Associated terms?

Smoke filled room study

Diffusion of Responsibility/The Bystander Effect

What is conformity? 

How do people behave when conforming?

Changing behavior to match others'

How others expect them to act.

Solomon Asch

Study?

Related terms?

Conformity (Line length perception)

_{They had other people at table, answers are given orally. The confederates would give answers which were incorrect, the person who came in would often (~30%) change answers.}

Anonymity (writing down, not having others know your answers)

Having another person to break unanimity with you, a "partner" so to speak.

_{Foot in the door - small agreement starts small, grows to large       amount.}

_{Door in the face - ridiculous request followed by realistic/small hoping they feel bad about initial denial.}

_{Lowball -  given what seems good, but they hid bad details/or swap.}

_{That's not all - Any "combo" deals.} 

Stanley Milgram

Study?

Details?

_{Participants ("teachers") instructed to give electric shocks to another person ("learner") pretending to be shocked (the confederate). Told study is effects on punishment on learning. They rigged a hat-draw so confederate is always the learner. Teachers have to increase voltage for wrong answers. 50-60% give the max, 450V shock.}

Festinger & Carlsmith

Study?

The fake "spin" study. ($1 did best)

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What is an attribution?

What are the two kinds?

_{Attribution - you explain a behavior without evidence.} 

_{Dispositional/Internal - person's personality  e.g. "that person's stupid" in your head}

_{Situation/External - something happened e.g. they are having a bad day}

Fundamental attribution error.

Example? How do we explain?

Jane Elliot

Study?

Details?

Self-fulfilling prophecy.

What is it?

How does it effect behavior?

Robber’s Cave experiment?

Findings?

Details?

_{11-12 y/o boys, eagles/rattlers group. Lots of outgroup hatred. They knew nothing other other boys, still "hated" them.}

_{They got them to get along eventually,} 

_{1. non-competition activities didn't work, movie.}

_{2. solve problems together; water main/truck/movie-reel, intergroup dependence.}

_{3. one on one time together; Really hard to hate someone in one-on-one.}

What factors predict interpersonal attraction in research?

What do each of them involve?

1. proximity - closeness

2. similarity - likeness

3. reciprocity - they like me, I like them back

Intimacy - feeling of emotion closeness, someone who shares feelings. You go to them to talk about stuff.

Commitment - decisions about relationship. (official couple)

Passion - emotional and sexual arousal

_{Liking - Intimacy only}

Empty - Commitment only

Infatuation - Passion only

_{Fatuous - Commitment, Passion. No Intimacy}

_{Romantic - Passion, Intimacy. No commitment}

Companionate - Intimacy, Commitment. No Passion

_{Consummate - All}

LEIFRCC

Deliberate behavior intended to hurt of destroy another organism.

Amygdala (a gland), low serotonin (related to depression), high testosterone.

Philip Zimbardo.

Study?

Details?

Stanford prison experiment

_{Made a fake prison in the basement of psyc building.}

_{Shocked at how readily they took up their roles.}

_{New example is Abu Girhab prison. The U.S. soldiers were told to be guards for prison. Bad stuff happened.}

Darley and Latane

Study?

Details?

Smoke filled room study

People will report smoke filling room when they are alone/small group. 

Large groups sit around like everything is normal. (lolwut?)

1) Lack of direction/are lost/feeling hopeless

2) Isolated people

3) Strange people

What is temperament?

How does it differ from personality?

Natural tendency vs acquired/learned traits.

(Again, nature vs nurture kind of thing)

_{Conscious - right now in your head}

_{Preconscious - stuff we could think of, but not in our head currently} 

_{Unconscious - stuff we can never access directly}

_{(There is no subconscious)}

_{Id - 0to1, literally means "it", aggression, sexual desires, desire for food, and other stuff. Animalistic in nature, and completely unconscious. ID operates by pleasure principle}

_{Ego - 1to3,Partially conscious, so you are aware. Means "the self" and many of it is there. The ego has the job of keeping the ID under control. This is the rational control system. Ego operates by realistic principle}

_{Superego - 3to6,Conscience, guides the moral decisions, and much of it is unconscious. ID and superego almost never want the same stuff, so ego has to be the mediator to try and keep both of them happy.  Superego operates by moral principle.}

Way ego deals with ID vs Superego conflict.

There are A LOT.

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Latent

Genital

Oral stage - first stage, first year

      § Mouth - erogenous zone

      § Weaning is primary conflict

_{If you don't offer the breast enough, or too much, then things go badly. You become orally fixated (smokers, gum chewers, over-eaters)}

Anal stage - 1 to 3 years, ego develops

      § Toilet training conflict - Yay potty training!

      § Control over anal sphincter.

            ? If you fixated you become:

Retentive - you had really strict parents, or they start early -Literally become a "tight-ass".  Overly control person.

OR

Expulsive - you are not strict enough. They are slobs, really messy or unreliable. 

_{? Phallic - 3 to 6 years, superego develops.}

_{Sexual feelings - Unconscious, you wouldn't remember}

_{Oedipus complex - Woo, mother complex leads to castration anxiety.}

      _{? So, son imitates everything dad does so dad won't castrate.} 

      _{This is called identification.}

      _{This includes moral standards for the superego.}

_{Girls get angry that they don't have penis. They have penis envy.}

      _{? They want the power from data.}

      _{? Electra complex - Girl version, they want mom.} 

      _{Dolls are children the girl had with dad, and should be called}

      _{penis dolls.}

      _{? So girl then realizes that they need to act} 

      _{like Mom so they can learn to attract males to have male child.}

_{Latent state - six to puberty. No e. zones}

_{Sexual feelings repressed, same-sex play, social skills.}

_{Genital - puberty to adult}

_{Sexual feelings consciously expressed}

Kyle Jung

Suggested?

Karen Horney

Suggested?

Carl Rogers

Suggested?

_{A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving. They only focus only on describing/prediction. They do lots of surveys.}

Only deals with description and prediction (sometimes). Never explanation or control.

OCEAN (Casta/McCrae)

_{Open/closed - How open you are to new experiences, creative.}

_{Conscientious/undirected - Responsible, follow the rules, and do what you "should".} 

_{Extraverted/introverted - Extraverted, you like meeting new people, start conversations.}

_{Agreeable/disagreeable - Agreeable, you help others, you are nice.} 

_{Neurotic/stable - Freak out easy}

Inherited characteristics 

_{Stem from Freudian psychodynamic theories. So we need to use projections to get a window into your subconscious.}

_{meaningless/ambiguous visual stimuli presented to client.}

_{Most common is Rorschach inkblot test - 10 inkblots as ambiguous stimuli.}