Term
In Pavlov's studies what was the conditioned response?
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Definition
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Term
| What were the results of the bobo doll study? |
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Definition
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ØMore imitative physical aggression occurred among males
ØMales particularly influenced by same-gender model
ØMore imitative verbal aggression occurred when model was same gender as child
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Term
| What is the definition of memory? |
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Definition
•Process by which information is:
–Acquired and encoded
–“processing of information”
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Term
| What was the George Franklin case? |
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Definition
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•Sept. 22, 1969 – George Franklin drives Eileen to school
•Picks up friend Susan Nason
•Drive to wooded area and walk around
•George allegedly sexually assaults /murders Nason
•Drives Eileen home
•Immediately goes to room and to bed
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Term
| Watsons and Rayners goals of study were? |
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Definition
–Can an infant be conditioned to fear an animal if presented with a sound?
–Stimulus generalization- would such responses transfer to other animals?
–How long would this response tendancy last?
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Term
| What happened to Albert B? |
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Definition
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–Taken from hospital
–Conditioned emotional response not removed
–Died on may 10, 1925 (age 6)
–Purported real name=Douglas Merritte
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Term
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Definition
–more successful at retrieving memories if in the same environment in which memory was stored
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Term
| What was the method of study in the bobo doll study? |
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Definition
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◦Child in room watching an adult playing quietly or beating up Bobo Doll
◦Child taken to another room and mildly frustrated
◦Children allowed to play with other toys, including Bobo doll and a wooden mallet for 20 minutes
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Term
In Pavlov's studies what was the Neutral Stimulus?
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Definition
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Term
In Pavlov's studies what was the conditioned stimulus?
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Definition
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Term
| Who is Ivan Pavlov and what is he famous for? |
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Definition
| A Russian Neurophysiologist who conducted the dog experiments and discovered psychic secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| A limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| A person loses memories for events that occur after the injury |
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Term
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Definition
| A person loses memories for events that occurred prior to the injury |
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Term
| What is the difference between a reinforcement and a punishment? |
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Definition
| A reinforcement is when the behavior is strengthened a punishment is when the behavior is diminished. |
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Term
| The case of George Franklin was unusual because he was convicted based upon.. |
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Definition
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Term
| A schedule of reinforcement is |
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Definition
| A specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time |
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Term
| As a result of surgery to treat epilepsy, the individual known as H.M. developed a condition known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Behaviorist versus Freudian perspective on fear |
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Definition
| Argued that phobias and emotional disturbances are due to unconscious conflicts and sexual urges |
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Term
| What is the definition of learning? |
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Definition
| Change in knowledge or behavior brought through experiences or interactions with the environment |
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Term
| The storage capacity of short-term memory can be increased by combining items into larger units called |
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Definition
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Term
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Reflexes, automatic response
Association between stimuli (e.g., white rat and sound)
Conditioned stimulus used to make response happen
What kind of conditioning is this?
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Definition
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Term
| The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of |
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Definition
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Term
| The information processing theory of memory argues that human memory is like a: |
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Definition
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Term
| A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response, is |
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Definition
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Term
Imagine a husband and wife asking Bandura for advice on how they should teach their young child to say "please" and "thank you". Which of the following would Bandura be most likely to suggest?
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Definition
| Consistently say please and thank you in your interactions with others. |
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Term
In Watson's and Rayner's Little Albert study what was the unconditioned response?
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Definition
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Term
In Watson's and Rayner's Little Albert study what was the conditioned response?
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Definition
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Term
| The three basic processes in memory are: |
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Definition
| Encoding, Storage and Retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| Encouraging a new behavior by gradual reinforcement |
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Term
| Goodwin et. al (1969) "Alcohol Study" |
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Definition
Examined the effects of alcohol intoxication on memory
Would being intoxicated at time of recall enhance memory? |
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Term
| What is a fixed ratio schedule? Give an example |
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Definition
| Example: Rats get food every 4th time they push the lever |
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Term
| The gradual weakening and disappearance of a tendency to make a conditioned response is termed... |
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Definition
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Term
| If you are "shaping" a child to pick up all his toys, what would you need to do each time the child does a better job of picking up his toys than he did previously? |
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Definition
| Give the child a reinforcement |
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Term
| Who was B.F. Skinner.. what was he known for? |
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Definition
| Harvard Professor, known for discovering reinforcements/punishments. He argued that classical conditioning cannot account for behavior. He thought that the environment causes behavior. |
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Term
| What is spontaneous recovery? |
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Definition
| Having a fear reaction years later spontaneously |
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Term
| According to skinner, the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that... |
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Definition
| Induces a biological need |
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Term
| Short term memory as "working memory" |
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Definition
| Involves conscious processing of information. It can hold a max of 7 + or - 2 items for about 20 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves forming a memory code. Analogy: (entering data through keyboard) |
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Term
| What is storage as relative to memory? |
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Definition
| Involves maintaining encoded information in memory over time. Analogy: Saving data on a floppy disk |
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Term
| What is retrieval as relative to memory? |
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Definition
| Involves recovering information from memory stores (Analogy: calling up file and displaying data on monitor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
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Term
| What is the definition of associative learning? |
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Definition
| Learning two events occur together |
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Term
| What is elaboration.. relative to memory? |
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Definition
| Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding. |
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Term
This is is an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time
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Definition
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Term
| In Pavlov's studies what was the unconditioned stimulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Pavlovs principle experiement, the unconditioned stimulus was the.. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nancy has a headache, she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away. Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again. This is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others who are called models is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when participants recall of an event witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post event information |
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Term
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Voluntary behavior
Association between response and consequence
Stimuli (reinforce/punishment) follow behavior.
What kind of conditioning is this?
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Definition
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Term
| While___is most closely associated with classical conditioning,___is most closely associated with operant conditioning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second |
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Term
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Definition
| Prizes for good behavior in exchange for something valuable |
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Term
Jane, your teenage daughter, was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt. Now, she no longer wears that style of shirt to school. Being ridiculed is an example of
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Definition
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Term
| What is intermittent reinforcement? |
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Definition
| Reinforcing a response only sometimes |
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Term
| The process of locating and recovering information from your memory store is |
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Definition
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Term
While out trick-or-treating for Halloween, at first Billy's neighbors had to remind him to say "trick or treat" before they dropped their treats into his bag. As he continued to visit houses in the neighborhood, soon Billy would say "trick or treat" as soon as the neighbors answered the door. The treats he received were the ____
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Definition
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Term
In Pavlov's studies what was the unconditioned response?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the information processing theory? |
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Definition
| Sensory information is inputted into the brain and stored until it needs to be used and then retrieved when needed |
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Term
This is a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds.
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Definition
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Term
| In Watson's famous "little albert" experiment, Albert was classically conditioned to... |
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Definition
| Show a fear response to a white rat |
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Term
| Who thought that environment causes behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who argued that classical conditioning cannot account for behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who thought of the air crib? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Something bad is presented which decreases the behavior in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| Something bad is removed or avoided, which increases the occurrence of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Something good is presented which increases the behavior in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| Something good is removed, which decreases the behavior in the future |
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Term
| If a dog has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square also salivates when shown a rectangle, the dog's behavior illustrates.. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an air crib/"baby tender"? |
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Definition
| Temperature controlled compartment meant to control the environment for babies |
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Term
| In Watson's and Rayner's Little Albert study what was the unconditioned stimulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does classical conditioning apply to taste aversions? |
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Definition
| The UCS makes the NS your unconditioned response to the food. |
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Term
In Watson's and Rayner's Little Albert study what was the neutral stimulus?
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Definition
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Term
In Watson's and Rayner's Little Albert study what was the conditioned stimulus?
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Definition
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Term
| What is visual imagery (relative to memory)? |
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Definition
| The creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered--can also be used to enrich encoding |
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Term
| Positive reinforcement involves |
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Definition
| The presentation of a pleasant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information |
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Term
| How does classical conditioned apply to advertising? |
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Definition
| The unconditioned stimulus usually tricks us into liking the conditioned stimulus even though the unconditioned stimulus has nothing to do with the neutral stimulus |
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Term
| What were the results of the alcohol study? |
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Definition
| They were more likely to remember the information if it was encoded in a novel context. Context cues may enhance retrieval.. This is the same as why we can remember music |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events |
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Term
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Definition
| a chamber for animals that gives reinforcers (food) and punishments (shocks) |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit |
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Term
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Definition
| an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time. |
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Term
| Classical Conditioning could easily account for how a young child might learn to... |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Watson's and Rayner's method of study? |
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Definition
| for 9 months they tested sound on Lil Albert |
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Term
| What is attention relative to memory? |
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Definition
| it involves focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events |
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Term
You look up the phone number of the new Pizza Hut and repeat the number silently in your head until you find a pad of paper to write it down. The process of actively repeating the number is called
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Definition
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Term
| What is continuous reinforcement? |
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Definition
| reinforcing a desired response each time it occurs (Example giving a dog a treat every time it goes outside to pee) |
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Term
The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called
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Definition
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Term
| What is a variable ratio schedule? |
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Definition
| the number of non reinforced times it takes to get a reinforcement varies. |
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Term
| In Pavlovs principle experiment, when the dog salivated after receiving meat powder, the salivation was the.. |
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Definition
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