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| Intelligence is composed of theoretical, productive, and practical aspects (Aristotle) |
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| Ability to deal with new and different concepts and come up with new ways of solving problems |
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| Person forms action because it leads to outcome that is separate from the person |
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| Person performs action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in an internal manner |
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| Involve survival needs of the body (hunger, thirst) |
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| Learned through experience (money, social approval) |
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| Strong need to succeed in achieving goals |
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| Desire for friendly social interactions and relationships with others |
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| Desire for control over others |
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| Internal Locus of Control |
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| We have contorol of our lives |
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| External Locus of Cotnrol |
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| Belief that fate chooses what will happen |
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| An unlearned need that increases stimulation (curiosity, playing, exploration) |
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| People have optimal level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation |
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| Moderate level of arousal is best in succeeding in a task |
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| Person who needs more complexed and varied sensory experiences than do other people |
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| Things that attract or lure people into action |
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| The reason we are motivated to do something is because of the reward and benefits we get from it |
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| Expectancy Value Theories |
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| Assume that actions can't be predicted or fully understood without understanding the beliefs, values, and importance that people attach to those beliefs and values at any given moment in time |
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| Person reduces eating to point that a weight loss of 15% below expected body weight or more as a result |
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| Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings -> different between cultures |
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| Value judgments made about a person's morals or ethical behavior |
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| Enduring characteristics with which each person is born |
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| Psych-Dynamic Perspective |
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| Role of the unconscious mind in development of personality |
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| "If it feels good, do it" |
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| "If it feels good do it..as long as you can get away with it" |
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| Getting "stuck" in a stage of development |
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| Anal Expulsive Personalities |
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| "slobs" as adults- person who sees messiness as a statement of personal control |
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| Anal Relentive Personality |
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| Children who refuse to use toilet in fear of making a mess grow up to be adults who are excessively neat, stubborn, and stingy |
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| Created in a child born into a world that is bigger and more powerful than the child |
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| Person's subjective feelings that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence |
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| Self Actualizing Tendency |
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| Development of image of oneself |
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| one's actual perception of characteristics, traits, and abilities that form the basis of striving for self actualization |
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| Exploring potentials and abilities and experiencing a match between real self and idea self |
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| Personality characteristics easily seen by others |
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| Basic traits that underlie surface traits |
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| Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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| "put on a happy face and you'll feel happier" |
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| Cognitive-Mediation Theory |
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| Most important aspect of any emotional experience is how the person interprets or appraises the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction |
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| "I'm afraid because I'm shaking" |
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| "I'm shaking and feeling afraid at the same time" |
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| Schachter's Cognitive Arousal Theory |
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| "This snarling dog is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid" |
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| Positive Psychology Movement |
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| A perspective that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness |
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| Primary Sex Characteristics |
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Girls- Vagina, Uterus, Ovaries
Boys- Penis, Testes, Scrotum, and Prostate Glad |
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| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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| Develop during puberty and are only indirectly related to reproduction |
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| Culture's expectations for behavior of a person precieved as male or female |
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| Concept about males or females that assigns various characteristics to them on the basis of nothing more than being male or female |
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| Prejudice about males and females that is more socially acceptable but still leads to unequal treatment of sexes |
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| Characteristic of people whose personalities reflect positive characteristics of males and females |
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| Sexual behavior is unacceptable according to social norms |
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| Caused by physical disorders or psychological stress |
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| Person prefers to achieve arousal by unsocially acceptable behavior |
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