Term
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Definition
| (Piaget) qualitive changes and the way people think. |
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Term
| Equillibrium/Disequillibrium |
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Definition
| balance between what you know and what you experience |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of change and stability over time. (womb-->tomb) |
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Term
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Definition
| rearranging and connecting existing structures |
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Term
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Definition
| building schemas through direct interaction with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| take new experience and put it in similar group |
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Term
| Piaget's Stages of Development |
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Definition
| sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-6), concrete operational (6-12), formal operations (12 and older) |
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Term
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Definition
| optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development |
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Term
| Psychoanalytic theory of attachment |
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Definition
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Term
| Learning theory of attachment |
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Definition
| (Skinner) love=reinforcing |
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Term
| Contact Comfort (attachment) |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethological theory of attachment |
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Definition
| (Bowlby) love=born to love |
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Term
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Definition
| an active reciprocal relationship between two people as opposed to all others |
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Term
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Definition
| they search for something to comfort them when they are uncomfortable |
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Term
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Definition
| exploration, proximity, contact, comfort |
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Term
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Definition
| baby doesn't immediately need their mom and is more independent |
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Term
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Definition
| really clingy baby; baby wants to be touching |
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Term
| disoriented/disorganized attachment |
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Definition
| babies have no way of dealing; no coping strategy (usually when mothers have mental disorder or are depressed) |
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Term
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Definition
| separate from mom; becoming your own person |
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Term
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Definition
| (fertilization-2 weeks) create zygote, take place in filopian tubes, cell beings to divide, implantation to uterine wall (2 weeks) |
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Term
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Definition
| (fertilization-2 weeks) create zygote, take place in filopian tubes, cell beings to divide, implantation to uterine wall (2 weeks) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (2-8 weeks) construction of support structures, development of major body structures, most susceptivle to environmental agents (teratogens) |
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Term
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Definition
| (8 weeks-birth) finishing touches, growth, refinement (toes separating), complexity. |
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Term
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Definition
| baby is able to live outside mother (age changes); they will not necessarily live well; they must be able to breathe (lungs developed; usually 22-28 weeks depending on fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| disfigured facial features; mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that can impair prenatal development |
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Term
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Definition
| transition between childhood and adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| period of rapid growth, sexual maturity |
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Term
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Definition
lowering of age at which young people reach adult height, weight, and sexual maturity
-better nutrition and better health care provide for trend |
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Term
| Primary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| what you need to make a baby |
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Term
| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| the other things that develop during puberty that are not needed to make a baby |
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Term
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Definition
| max # of years species have lived |
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Term
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Definition
| the average amount of years a species has lived |
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Term
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Definition
| change due to generation you were brought up in |
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Term
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Definition
| what you use to learn; mental capacity you have to learn; one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| what you learn; accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase withage |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical, repetitive, step-by-step procedure for arrive a the solution to a problem (trial and error) |
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Term
| 4 steps to solving a problem |
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Definition
1. understand the problem
2. form a hypothesis
3. test the hypothesis
4. check the results |
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Term
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Definition
| the way an issue is presented |
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Term
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Definition
| simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; use speeider but also more error-prone than algorithims |
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Term
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Definition
| our believe that our answers are moer accurate than they actually are |
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Term
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Definition
| seeking info that agress with our hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| ignoring contrary info to our beliefts |
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Term
| anchoring and adjustment heuristic |
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Definition
| salespitch -- boat and anchor -->anchor is down and boat can only go so far around it |
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Term
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Definition
| when mind gets stuck on something |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to adhere to a single approach to a problem or a single way to use an item |
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Term
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Definition
| data about the frequency or probability of the given item or event |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to assume that if an item is similar to members of a particular category, it is also a member of the category |
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Term
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Definition
| easier it is to recall, the more common you think it is |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to do something that we'd otherwise choose not to do, just because we spent the money or effort to do it |
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Term
| Behaviorist theory of language acquisition |
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Definition
| (skinner) kids babbling, learning of specific verbal behaviors; "mom!"--reinforced and shaped into language. |
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Term
| Nativist theory of language acquistion |
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Definition
| (chomsky) Language acquisition devide, learning rules of language oso we can express ourselves, comes from inside (intrinsic motivation) |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of what you currently know |
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Term
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Definition
| measure how you would possible perform on something you haven't learned yet |
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Term
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Definition
| give you a number to your personality, ex: Eharmony |
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Term
| Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| componential(analytical), Experiental(creativity), Contextual(street smart) -- everyone has different levels of each |
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Term
| gardner's theory of multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| intelligences is independent, some people excel in only a few areas |
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Term
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Definition
| mental age/chronological age X 100 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measure what it says it's measuring |
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Term
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Definition
| increase good people by their good genes |
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Term
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Definition
| all disorders shuld be treated like any other disease -- have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and in most cases, cured through treatment in a hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| something not everyone does |
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Term
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Definition
| personally; way people treated person |
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Term
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Definition
| affects your life; can't function. |
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Term
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Definition
| diagnostic and statistical manual; widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| "free floating"; no known trigger, it comes from general things in your life. |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning; they have actual physical symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| irrational fear -- no reason for fear; one of the most treatable |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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Definition
obsession: occuring and unwanted thoughts
compulsion: need to lower obsession, to reduce anxiety felt because of the obsession; this interferes with daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness gets separated from previoud (often painful) memories, thoughts, feelings, selves, etc. |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| (multiple personality disorder) a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. |
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Term
| anti-social personality disorder |
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Definition
| fairly universal lack of conscience, often charming, manipulative and showing no remorse. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes |
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Term
| major depressive disorder |
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Definition
| a mood disorder in which a person experiences two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings od worhlesseness, and diminshed interest or pleasure in most activities |
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Term
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Definition
| manic to depressed, one extreme to another (most people don't go to full extremes, they don't go to the point of hurting another or themselves) |
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Term
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Definition
| split between yourself and your reality; disorganized thoughts/delusional; innappropriate thoughts and feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| paralyzed; don't/can't move |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| think they are better than everyone else (Jesus) |
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Term
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Definition
| all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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Term
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Definition
| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets info |
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Term
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Definition
| adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new info. |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder that appears in childhood and is makred by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other's states of mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of strangers that infants display, beginning about 8 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which certain animals form attachhments during a critical period in their life. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Erikson) sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy |
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Term
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Definition
| (Erikson) one's sense of self; the adolescent's task to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Erikson) ability to form close, loving relationships (adolesence and early adulthood) |
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Term
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Definition
| mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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Term
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Definition
| mental image or best example of a category |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden realization of the solution to a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests. |
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Term
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Definition
| defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group. |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychological disorder maked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
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Term
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience |
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Term
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Definition
| false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany schizophrenia and other disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| unique pattern of enduring thoughts, feelings and actions that characterize a person |
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Term
| things in common with psychoanalytic theories |
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Definition
| conflict, unconscous force drives behavior, emphasis on early experience, life-long consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| raw, unorganized inborn instincts and drives |
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Term
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Definition
| when you have an urge, you must fulfill it |
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Term
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Definition
| aspect of personality that represents a peson's consciene: evaluaes right from wrong; what a perfect person would do |
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Term
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Definition
| shortly develops when gratification is deferred (balance of power); must mediate between ID and Superego |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual energy/creative energy, where energy is on a particular part of the body to do stuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| birth-1; mouth is focus of stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3-6years; genitals are focus |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-12years; peiod of suspended sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| 12-adults; genitals are focus with onset of puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| phallic stage; son develops strong feelings of hate towards father, wants father dead; ends with identification because you realize you can't beat them so you try to be like them. |
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Term
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Definition
| taking a feling and press it under consciousness; takes effort and may pop back up. |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing impulses to someone else. |
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Term
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Definition
| self-justification; a lie you tell yourself to make you feel like a good person |
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Term
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Definition
| make impulses seem the opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| diverting impulses from its immediate goal to one of a more acceptable social, moral, or aesthetic nature or use. |
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Term
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Definition
| aiming impulses at a more acceptable (safer) target. |
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Term
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Definition
| returning to earlier stage to cope. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rorshach (ink blot) test, thematic apperception test -- analyzing pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| free will, human potential |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasis is on helping clients view psychological problems as learned behaviors. |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| client visualizes a series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed. |
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Term
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Definition
| client learns desireable behaviors by watching therapists do it. |
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Term
| assertiveness training and social skills training |
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Definition
| client it taught how to interact with people more comfotably and effectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to alter problematic behavior and to teach new skills |
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Term
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Definition
| process of removing reinforcers that normally follow a particular response |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps pople in in a feared situation depriving them of the ability to escape. |
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Term
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Definition
| classical conditioning principles are used to associate physical or psychological discomfort with undesrired behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| drug used with aversive conditioning to get people to get over alcoholism. |
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Term
| cognitive-behavior therapy |
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Definition
| learning principles are used to help clients change the way they think, as well as how they behave. |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| brief shock is administered to the brain to reduce depression that des not respond to drug treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of brain tissue for the purpose of treating mental disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental illness medical model |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of psych concerned with the way individual thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by other people and situations |
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Term
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Definition
| compliance by yielding to direct commands, usually by an authority figure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more people around, less likely they are to help. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduction in work when people work in groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| yielding to real or imagined social pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 lines; conformity to those around them. |
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Term
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Definition
| the desire for group harmony overrides rational decision making process. |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes when there is general agreement in group, tends to make them more extreme in opinion. |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| observers bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining other people's behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| lie you tell yourself so you always feel smart and awesome; if something bad happends, you attribute it externally. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to attribute ones successes to external factors and failures to internal ones (modesty & humility) |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive, affective, behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive, affective, behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| seeking consistency between cognitions and behaviors. |
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Term
| foot in the door phenomenon |
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Definition
| comply with small request, more likely to comply with larger request. |
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Term
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Definition
| acceptance of fake flattery to manipulate people. |
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Term
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Definition
| conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion. |
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Term
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Definition
| did tests on babies and their personalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| everything causes everything else. |
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Term
| Freudian psychodynamic therapy |
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Definition
| ego's attempt to deal with conflicts about ones unconscious impulses and fantasies. |
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Term
| Freudian psychodynamic therapy |
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Definition
| ego's attempt to deal with conflicts about ones unconscious impulses and fantasies. |
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Term
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Definition
| resisting getting to the problem and push away therapy and problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| transferring feelings of love or hate to therapists but really the feelings for a person in your life. |
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Term
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Definition
| actualizing tendency -- innate inclination toward growth and fulfillment that motivates all human behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| clients must remain responsible for choosing how they will think and behave. |
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Term
| conditional positive regard |
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Definition
| only accepted if you act a certain way |
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Term
| unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| love you and accept you no matter what |
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Term
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Definition
| (Carl Rogers) need to focus on relationship in therapy; unconditional positive regard, empathy, active listening |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking; change the way you think; what you tell yourself determines the outcome. |
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