Term
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Definition
| The mother country sets up a colony for the purpose of profit or stripping natural resources and shipping them to mother country and then the mother country makes the final product and sells back to the colony. |
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Term
| What was America founded on? |
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Definition
| Economic not religious purposes |
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Term
| What was the Mayflower Compact and was it followed? |
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Definition
-In 1620, said when they landed in America that they were going to do things by the majority rule
-Put together a church and persecuted poeple who didn't want to be apart of the church.
-People didn't follow the compact |
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Term
| What was the first document of American government? |
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Definition
| The Mayflower Compact of 1620 |
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Term
| What was the New England Confederation? |
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Definition
| 1643- it was the first weak step trying to try and form a regional government |
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Term
| What were the 3 steps of the New England Confederation? |
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Definition
1-Tried to form a common militia, the Indians were trouble
2-Needed a place to settle disputes
3-Way to extradite criminals, crime was a huge problem and if you crossed over a colony border you couldn't be prosecuted |
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Term
| What was the Confederation of Albany Plan in 1754 and did it succeed? |
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Definition
| It was to trick the French by making the illusion that the colonies were coming together. It failed and the French decided to try and move in from Canada |
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Term
| What was the French and Indian War about? |
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Definition
| Deep animosity between France and Britain. The Indians fought Guerilla warfare style for both sides and they taught both parties how to scalp |
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Term
| How did the British deal with the problem of spending and revenue? |
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Definition
| The British government was spending 373 K a year and they had to decide how to raise revenue so they decided to try and tax the colonies. |
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Term
| What type of items did the British tax? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| British made colonist house Hessians (Germna troops) |
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Term
| What was the Sugar Act of 1764? |
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Definition
| It was a tax on goods produced with sugar, mainly rum. As a result colonist began to make their own liquor |
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Term
| What did the colonists refer to the taxes as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Stamp Tax of 1765? |
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Definition
| There was a tax on anything you wanted to be a legal document like a birth certificate or contract |
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Term
| What phrase did John Locke coin? |
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Definition
| "No taxation without representation" |
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Term
| What was the first rebellion against England and who led it? |
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Definition
| The Virginia Stamp Act Congress, Patrick Henry |
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Term
| What were the 5 major problems between the colonies and England? |
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Definition
1-colonies felt neglected
2-mercantilism, can only trade with England
3-King George III lost authority, colonies mocked him
4-British government lost legitimacy-so England tried more power and the colonies rebelled more
5-Unitary Government-most overbearing, a central power had all the power and just issued orders |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Continental Congress on 1774? |
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Definition
| it was a unifying body to give colonies a single voice and it was filled with radicals like Samuel Adams and John Hancock, it really had no power but it was just an open opposition to Britain |
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Term
| When did the Revolutionary War begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was predicted to win the war and why? |
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Definition
| The British b/c they had the best trained army and were backed by the largest navy. We entered the war with nothing |
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Term
| Who was in charge of the American army? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was named the General in Command? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was named the General in Command? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| French and the Germans joined us to teach us how to fight |
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Term
| When and by whom was the Declaration of Independence written? What was its contents? |
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Definition
| During the 2nd Continental Congress on July 4, 1776-Thomas Jefferson. It stated specific complaints against England and colonies withdrew from England-no turning back |
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Term
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Definition
-In the Fall of 1781, Washington defeated Cornwallis at York river in VA and the British quit and we weren't ready for independence.
-in 1783 the Treaty of Paris |
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Term
| What is Confederal government? |
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Definition
| The states keep all of their own power, they created a Congress with no power, and to get away from a unitary government |
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Term
| What brought out the Articles of Confederation and when? |
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Definition
| The Continental Congress, 1781 |
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Term
| What were the Articles of Conferderation known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the Articles of Confederation not intended to do? |
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Definition
| they were NOT intended to unify, it was doomed from the beginning b/c it involved 13 individual colonies |
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Term
| What was Shays's Rebellion? |
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Definition
| July 8, 1786 in Western Mass. Shays was a vetern of the war and he never got paid for his service so him and others attacked the courthouse with guns |
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Term
| What was the result of Shays's Rebellion? |
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Definition
| Constitutional Convention |
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Term
| What was the Constitutional convention? |
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Definition
| it was to modify the Articles of Confederation, 74 delegates were picked but only 55 showed up, the first thing they did was to throw out the Art. of Con. and draft a new constitution, it was done illegagly |
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Term
| What was the Constitutional Convention also known as? |
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Definition
| Runaway Convention b/c it was illegal |
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Term
| Who were the prominent attendees of the convention? |
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Definition
| Geroge Washington (President of the Convention), James Madison (Father of the Constitution), Benjamin Franklin |
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Term
| Who were the prominent non-attendees? |
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Definition
| Patrick Henry, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Old 76'ers that led teh revolution, the whole state of Rhode Island |
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Term
| What 6 aspects explain the delegates' behavior? |
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Definition
1-heat & humidity
2-large states(Mass,NY,VA,PA) vs. small states
3-memory of war with Britain
4-6th &7th generationi ties to the land
5-weath and economics
6-slavery |
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Term
| Who did the Virgina Plan favor? Who did the New Jersey Plan favor? |
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Definition
| large states, small states |
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Term
| What did the Conneticut/Great Comprise do? |
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Definition
| took parts from both plans |
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Term
| What is the oldest written nation-state constitution in the world? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Was the Constitution long or brief? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 things does the Constitution consist of? |
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Definition
1-Preamble
2- 7 Articles
3- 27 Amendments (first 10 are the bill of rights) |
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Term
| What are written Constitutions designed to do? |
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Definition
| limit the power of givernment, create a weak government |
|
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Term
| What are written Constitutions designed to do? |
|
Definition
| limit the power of givernment, create a weak government |
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Term
| What are the 3 key aspects of the Constitution? |
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Definition
1-separation of powers
2-checks and balances
3-federalism (3rd type of power) |
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Term
| What articles are designated to each branch? |
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Definition
Article I-Legislative/congress
Article II-Executive/president
Article III-Judical/supreme court |
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Term
| How was Congress weakened? |
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Definition
-it was split into 2 Houses
-no one answered to the same person |
|
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Term
| How was Congress weakened? |
|
Definition
-it was split into 2 Houses
-no one answered to the same person |
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Term
| How is the House of Rep, Senate, President, and Court elected and for how long? |
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Definition
-House of Representive-elected by people, served 2 years
-Senate-elected by State Legislative (at the time) for 6 years
-President-by Electoral College, for 4years
-Supreme Court-by President and Senate, for life/good behavior |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of government? |
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Definition
| unitary, confederal, federal |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Federalism? |
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Definition
1-Dual Federalism
2-Cooperative Federalism
3-Creative Federalism
4-Refined Permissive Federalism |
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Term
| What type of government is Dual Federalism? |
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Definition
-what the founders intended
-most powers belongs to the states(everything not in Art.1 Sec.8) and a few spectic powers belong ot the national government(Art.1 Sec.8) |
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Term
| What 3 things led to the Civil War? |
|
Definition
1-States Rights
2-Nullification-if national law was passed and states didn't like it they could mullify it
3-Compact Theory |
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Term
| What was the Compact Theory? Who introduced it? Who was the first to leave it? |
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Definition
-teh states entered into a contract to make a nation and if the state wanted out of the contract then they could leave the nation
-John C. Calhoun
-South Carolina |
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Term
| What was Texas vs. White? What did it legally do? What did it result in? |
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Definition
-During the Civil War, White bought texas war bonds, sued for the amount, lost b/c legally the condfederate state of Texas never excisted
-end the Compact Theory
-Resulted in making US a proper noun, put an end to the idea that states can leave |
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Term
| What is Cooperative Federalism? |
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Definition
-with presidentcy of Roosevelt
-marble cake federalism
-led to the growth of trusts-monopolies which was the mixing of powers |
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Term
| What was Missouri vs. Holland? |
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Definition
-about ducks
-federal duck hunting law passed, Holland violated it, Supreme Court favored Federal by the Spremacy clause which states if there is a conflict b/t Federal and State law the federal wins |
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Term
| What did Roosevelt do about the Great Depression? What effect did it have on federalism? |
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Definition
-the stockmarket collapsed
-Roosevelt did the New Deal, created new jobs
-the National governmetn got mroe power than the states
-WWII ended the Depression |
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Term
| What 2 things strengthened the National government power under Cooperative Federalism? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the Creative Federalism? |
|
Definition
-started after the assination of Kennedy
-Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society outdid Roosevelt
-National governent becomes completely dominant by the use of grants-in-aid
-ended with Reagan |
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Term
| What is Refined Permissive Federalism? |
|
Definition
-it is right now
-Reagan's vision was to get government off out backs but the National is still in power more than ever |
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Term
| What are the 5 Constitutionally designed powers? |
|
Definition
1-delegated powers
2-implied powers
3-prohibited powers
4-reserved powers
5-concurrent powers |
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Term
| What are delegated powers? |
|
Definition
| -simple powers stated in Article I, Section 8 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -powers that are not written down |
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Term
| What was McCulloch vs. Maryland |
|
Definition
-the 2nd Bank Act put branch banks around the country and states didn't want them
-Maryland said that they could put them there but hey have to pay $15,000 in taxes and the $ had to be printed on paper bought in Maryland-like the Stamp Act. On opening day McCulloch refused to do either so he was arrested and asked 2 questions |
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Term
| What were the 2 questions asked to Congress based on McCulloch vs. Maryland? |
|
Definition
1-can congress create a bank even though it doesn't provide for it in Art.1 sec 8? court said yes
2-Can the state tax a national bank? no |
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Term
| What is the Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic Clause? |
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Definition
| -deals with powers was given past the ones stated in Art.1 Sec. 8 |
|
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Term
| What was Heart of Atlanta Motel vs US? |
|
Definition
-Had to do with interstate commerce
-Federal government sued Heart of Atlanta Motel because it was segragated and said that Congress controlled it b/c it was advertised and near the interstate |
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Term
| What was Katzenbauh vs. McCling? |
|
Definition
-Kat-Att. General and McCling was a restuarant owner
-Congress tired to use the interstate commerce to control it, Supremem court rule in favor of Kat. b/c 40% of pork had been fed outsid ethe state of Alabama |
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Term
| What 2 things are under implied powers? |
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Definition
1-Necessary and Proper Clause
2-Intergovernemental Tax Immunity |
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Term
| What are porhibited powers and where are they located in the Constitution? |
|
Definition
-denied powers
-Article I Sec 9, national government
-Article I Sec 10, states |
|
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Term
| What are Ex Post Facto Laws? (prohibited) |
|
Definition
| -Retroactive criminal law that works for the detremental of the accused-can't be arrested for breaking a law that didn't excist when you did it-benefits you |
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Term
| What is a Bill of Attainder (prohibited) |
|
Definition
| A legislative punshiment aimed at a particular group or individuals |
|
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Term
| What are the 3 Prohibited laws? |
|
Definition
1-ex post facto laws
2-bill of attainder
3-test oath act of 1862 |
|
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Term
| What is the Test Oath Act of 1862 and why was it illegal? |
|
Definition
-as an officer if you took up arms agaisnt US you can't practice law
-it was illegal b/c it took out Exec. and Jud. brands and was totally Leg. |
|
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Term
| What did Ex Parie Garland do? |
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Definition
| -struck down the test oath act of 1862 b/c it specifically stated "officers" |
|
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Term
| What are reserved powers and where in the Constitution are they located? |
|
Definition
-any power not found in Art. I Sec 8 and Art. I Sec. 10 belongs to the states
-10th Amendment |
|
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Term
| What are Concurrent Powers? |
|
Definition
-powers that are shared b/t national and state
-like the power to build highways |
|
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Term
| What are the 3 formal requirments to be a member of the House of Representative? |
|
Definition
1-at least 25 years old
2-leve in teh US at least 7 years
3-reside in the district you represent |
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Term
| What are the 3 formal requirments to be a member of the Senate? |
|
Definition
1- at least 30 years old
2-live in teh US at least 9 years
3-reside in teh state you represent |
|
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Term
| What are some of the informal requirements to be in the Senate? |
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Definition
| -male, white, R/D,occupation needs to be business/law/politics, mainstream religion, middle-aged, bachelor's degree, married |
|
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Term
| What is the average salary of someone in Congress? |
|
Definition
-they set it
-about 158,000 a year |
|
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Term
| What are some of the benefits of Congress? |
|
Definition
1-Free life insurance and generour retirement
2-free office space in D.C and home district
3-given Staff allowance in addition to their salary
4-Expense account for office supplies
5-32 trips home per year-free
6-junkets
7-Franking privleges
8-Video/Audio recording studios
9-Discounts in tax free shops and restuarants
10-prive gyms
11-free reserved airport parking
12-Congressional Record |
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Term
| What are the 3 philosophical roles of representation and how are they defined? |
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Definition
1-delegate-mariginal district, hates it, constitly tring to get re-elected, usually on 1 term
2-Public Trustee-safe district, knows he will get re-elected, arrogant, loves congress
3-Politico-behaves like a delegate most of the time and behaves like a public trustee some of the time, tries to please his people |
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Term
| What are the 7 Reasons why incumbents are re-electe? |
|
Definition
1-safe districts
2-Hate/Love
3-Name Recognition
4-Money
5-Franking Privieleges
6-constituent services
7-pork barreling |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -a congress member getting a projectg done in his home district that is not really of national importance. |
|
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Term
| What are the 9 functions of Congress? |
|
Definition
1-Represt the Nation
2-Represent their constituents
3-oversight/checks&balances
4-Appointments (Senate only)
5-Electoral-Electoral College
6-25th Amendment-President disablity
7-Impeachment-ultimate power
8-Propose Constitutional Amendments
9-Self-Discipline |
|
|
Term
| What are the 9 functions of Congress? |
|
Definition
1-Represt the Nation
2-Represent their constituents
3-oversight/checks&balances
4-Appointments (Senate only)
5-Electoral-Electoral College
6-25th Amendment-President disablity
7-Impeachment-ultimate power
8-Propose Constitutional Amendments
9-Self-Discipline |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of self-discipline the Congress can do? |
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Definition
1-reprimand-no consequence
2-censure-strip of chairmanship
3-expulsion-kicked out |
|
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Term
| What Article deals with the Presidency and why is it that number? |
|
Definition
-Article 2
-they thought it was 2nd important and feard in 2nd |
|
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Term
| What are the 2 traditional roles of the president? |
|
Definition
1-chief of state-ceremonial, symbolic
2-Chief of Executive-runs the country, in charge of executive branch |
|
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Term
| What does Commander in chief mean? what is he the sole owner of? |
|
Definition
| in charge of military in time of war, nuclear arsinal/Nuclear Football |
|
|
Term
| What are the Constitutional qualifications to be president? |
|
Definition
-national born citizen
-at least 35 years old
-resident of the US for at least 14 years |
|
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Term
| What is the 22nd Amendement? |
|
Definition
| -set the presidency for 2 terms or 10 years |
|
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Term
| What is the 20th Amendment? |
|
Definition
-"Lame Duck"
-the President who is going out doesn't relaly do anything from Nov. to March |
|
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Term
| What is the Electoral College? |
|
Definition
-how the president is elected
-it is equalivent to congressional representation
-you vote for people who promises to
vote for candidate
-the candidate with 270 votes wins |
|
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Term
| What did the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 do and what are the first 4 lines? What is the total? |
|
Definition
-created a line of succession
1-VP
2-Speaker of the House
3-President Pro Tem of the Senate
4-Secretary of teh State
-total of 17 |
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Term
| What 2 things did the 25th Amendment deal with? |
|
Definition
1-Presidental Disability
2-VP Vacancy |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 conditions of presidental disability? |
|
Definition
1-President volunteeringly and temporarly gives up powers
2-Can't surrender so majority of senate and VP can bote to give power to VP
3-disabled and won't give up power-insane president, Congress strips him of power |
|
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Term
| Why did the drafters create the role of the VP? |
|
Definition
-take over if the President dies
-President of Senate |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of domestic powers the Presdient has? |
|
Definition
1-Executive powers
2-legislative powers
3-Judicial powers |
|
|
Term
| What 2 types of executive powers are there? |
|
Definition
1-executive orders
2-executive privileges |
|
|
Term
| What aer excutive orders and what court case dealt with it? |
|
Definition
-a written order from the President directing how to carry out a loaw
-In re Neagel
-court said executive order has the same force as a slow passed except the President can't give himself powers the Constitution doesn't give him |
|
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Term
| What is the executive privilege, what court case did it deal with, what was the result? |
|
Definition
-right of the President and top staff to refuse to appear before the other branches
-US vs. Nixon
-on criminal matters, the executive privilege can't be used |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 legislative powers? |
|
Definition
1-recommend legislation
2-veto power |
|
|
Term
| What 3 things can a President do with a bill? what 2 things does he want to have the power to do? |
|
Definition
-1-sign bill
2-allow bill to become a law
3-veto
-1-pocket veto
2-line item veto |
|
|
Term
| What court case put down pocket veto? |
|
Definition
| Kennedy vs. Sampson, resulted in "sine die" |
|
|
Term
| What 3 judical powers does the President have? |
|
Definition
1-appoints judges
2-Grant:
reprive-delay
pardon-forgive
amnesty-pardons for groups
3-foreign powers |
|
|
Term
| What 3 Foreign powers does the president have? |
|
Definition
1-diplomatic-chief
2-Treaty Making
3-War Making |
|
|
Term
| What 3 Foreign powers does the president have? |
|
Definition
1-diplomatic-chief
2-Treaty Making
3-War Making |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -excutive agreements, president and another head of country have an agreement, hold same thing as a treaty but it ends when that President leaves the office |
|
|
Term
| What was the War Powers Act of 1973? |
|
Definition
-direct result of vietnam war
-limit president
-President may commit troops in 3 sit;
1-if Congress declares war
2-proir congressional approval
3-national emergency |
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