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Exam 3
mass wasting, unstable land, energy resources
25
Geology
Undergraduate 2
12/13/2011

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
true or false: most landslides in PA are fast and deadly
Definition

 

false

Term

which of the following is the driving force that causes mass wasting?

a. internal friction

b. cohesion

c. gravity

d. shear strength

Definition

 

c. gravity

Term

which of these scenarios would help soil resist mass wasting?

a. the soil is damp

b. the soil is saturated with water

c. the soil is almost all coarse, rounded sand

d. the soil is a mix of sand and clay

e. a and d

 

 

Definition

e. a and d

the soil is damp and the soil is a mix of sand and clay

 

Term

 which of the following must be true from mass wasting to occur?

a. driving forces are greater than resisting forces

b driving forces are equal to resisting forces

c. driving forces are less than resisting forces

d. none of the above

Definition

 

a. driving forces are greather than resisting forces

Term

the type of material that is most likely to liquefy and flow if shaken or vibrated is called:

a. talus

b. medium sand

c. expansive clay

d. quick clay

Definition

 

 

d. Quick clay

Term

 

which of these describes the effect of steep slopes or mass wasting?

a. steep slopes increase shear stress (stress pulling material down)

b. steep slopes increase normal stress

c. steep slopes add cohesion to soil and rock material

Definition

 

a. steep slopes increase shear stress

Term

 

effect of planes of weakness on mass wasting

Definition
they add weight, increase pore pressure, and reduce friction
Term

 

which of the following types of mass wasting is the least dangerous?

 

 

Definition

 

solifluction

Term

which of these materials would have the highest angle of repose?

a. fine-grained, rounded material

b. coarse-grained (larger grains), rounded material

c. fine-grained, angular material

d. coarse-grained, angular material

Definition

 

d. coarse-grained,angular material

Term

 

what are the two main causes (not results) of subsidence?

Definition

 

withdrawal of fluids and removal of solids

Term

which of the following statements about subsidence is false?

a. coal mining leaves void spaces underground that can collapse and cause subsidence

b. withdrawing oil and natural gas from underground resevoirs can lead to subsidence

c. damage due to subsidence is usually covered by homeowners insurance

d. sinkholes and karst form most easily in limestone rock

Definition

 

c. damage due to subsidence is usually covered by homeowners insurance

Term

how many homes in PA lie above old or active coal mines?

 

Definition

 

about 1 million

Term

Which of these actions would tend to stabilize slope material by increasing cohesion?

a. reducing the water content with drains or diversions

b. planting vegetation on bare slopes

c. benching the slope

d. reducing the weight on the slope

Definition

 

b. planting vegetation on bare slopes

Term
true or false: non-renewable resources cannont be fully replenished in your lifetime but may be replenished in your great-grandchildren's lifetimes
Definition

 

false

Term

which of the following resources are renewable?

a. nuclear

b. coal

c. biomass

d. geothermal

e. a and b

d. c and d

Definition

 

e. c and d. biomass and geothermal

Term

 

 

only fossil fuel energy resources include:

Definition

 

oil, natural gas, coal bed methane, methane hydrates

Term

which of the following statements about coal in the U.S is false?

a. the US has more reserves of coal than any other fossil fuel

b. the primary use of coal is to generate electricity

c. most of our coal is high quality and low sulfur

d. coal is made of compressed, cooked plant material preserved in low-oxygen environments such as swamps

Definition

 

c. most of our coal is high quality and low sulfur

Term
all of the following are impacts of coal use (burning it, not mining it) except for:
Definition

 

erosion

Term

 

which of these impacts of coal production comes from having to use water to separate coal from the waste rock it gets mixed with during blasting?

a. viewshed destruction

b. sludge

c. acid mine drainage

d. sediment pollution

Definition

 

sludge

Term
about how much of the world's coal reserves are in the U.S?
Definition

 

 

20%

Term

 

how long are the world's natural gas reserves likely to last (at current consumption rates)?

Definition

 

100 years

Term

 

when did the US oil and gas production peak?

Definition
1960s- 1970s
Term

 

which area has the highest concentration of oil and gas deposits?

 

Definition

 

the middle east

Term

 

In PA, we have all the conditions for producing Saudi-arabia sized oil except

Definition

 

good timing

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