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| A need a desire that energizes and directs behavior. |
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| A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. |
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| The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
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| A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
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| A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. |
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| Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. |
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| The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
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| The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
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| The body's resting rate of energy expenditure. |
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| An eating disorder in which a normal-weight (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
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| An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
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| The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson -- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
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| A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. |
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| A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning. |
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| A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen level peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
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| The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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| An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation). |
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| A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. |
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| Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology |
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| The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
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| A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development. |
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| Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. |
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| A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard. |
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| Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals. |
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| Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support. |
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Definition
| Stimulation causes onset of eating. Destruction causes cessation of eating. |
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| Ventromedial Hypothalamus |
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Definition
| Stimulation causes cessation of eating. Destruction causes compulsive eating. |
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| Secreted by specialized cells in the stomach, but binds to receptors in the brain. Levels spike in the blood before meals and drop afterwords. Dieters who lose weight and then try to keep the weight off make more ghrelin than they did before dieting. Gastric bypass surgery (which seals off part of stomach) reduces ghrelin dramatically (and also hunger). |
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Physiological: Anorexic women often have low levels of estrogen and these low levels often predate the anorexia.
Psychological/Emotional: Conflict with parents, obsession with weight, fear of adult world/sexual relationships, societal messages that "thin is beautiful" (feelings of worthlessness) |
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| Cycle of "binging" and "purging." |
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External, Emotional, Economic, Genetic/physiological.
Genes are much more important than environment in determining a person's weight. |
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| What is inherited as far as obesity is concerned? |
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Definition
a. levels of thermogenesis (low levels, an inherited characteristic, leads to heavier weight)
b. number of fat cells a person is born with.
c. lipprotein lipase (LPL): converts circulating fat into stored fat (the more LPL, the heavier a person is) |
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| In rats, what is sexual behavior driven by? |
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Definition
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| In humans, what drives sexual behavior? |
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Definition
| Hormones are far less important in governing sexual behavior in humans than in other animals. Psychological and emotional factors are much more important. |
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1. People with high need for power typically
a. have difficulty forming intimate relations
b. find intimate relations less satisfying
c. sever intimate relations more quickly
2. Gender differences in “high power” people
Men: express power my making demands on others
Women: express power by giving/withholding resources |
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| What percent of rehab patients relapse? |
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Definition
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| What is dopamine and what does dopamine do? |
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Definition
| It is a neurotransmitter and it helps the organism identify natural rewards (food, water, etc) |
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| Synthesizes dopamine, sends axon to nucleus accumbens. |
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| When activated by dopamine, feelings of pleasure, which can turn into cravings. |
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