Term
| Hematopoeitic stem cell transplant |
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Definition
| replace diseased stem cells taht are causing underlying disease. Provide healthy stem cells to a patient whose marrow has been compromised. Stem cells source bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood or placental. |
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Term
| Autologous v. Allogenic v. Synergeneic |
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Definition
| self (no conflict all marker molecules match) v other (conflict only some marker molecules match) v identical twin. (no conflict all marker molecules match) HLA matching of proteins on surface of most cells. |
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Term
| Complications of bone marrow transplant |
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Definition
| Infections-u take away immune system so no live plants, avoid crowds. Bleeding/need for transtusions-no contact sports, limit blood sticks, soft toothbrush, no razors. Graft vs. host disease (allogenic) try their best to match. Mouth sores-get them nutrition, hydration, protein and Kepivance new drug injectible. |
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Term
| Discharge process/criteria notes after Bone marrow transplant |
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Definition
what precautions to take, how to prepare your home, how to care for the central venous catheter, mouth and teeth care, diet and activity to maintain, when to call the transplant team or other health care professionals, who will take the role of primary caregiver and what the job will involve
In general, transplant centers don’t discharge patients until they meet the following criteria:
they have no fever for 48 hours
they are able to take and keep down oral medications for 48 hours
their nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are controlled with medication
their neutrophil count (absolute neutrophil count or ANC) is at least 500 to 1,000/mm3
they have a hematocrit of at least 25% to 30%
they have a platelet count of at least 15,000 to 20,000/mm3
they have someone to help them at home and an adequate and supportive home environment
If patients do not meet discharge criteria, but do not require the intensive care of the transplant unit, they may stay in another hospital unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation, guided imagery, meditation, massage, therapeutic touch, yoga, massage, hypnosis, distraction, support group, acupuncture, herbal teas |
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Term
| Cancer trials and obsticles |
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Definition
| Preclinical-lab/animal. Phase I -human subjects to identify does, schedule, route, toxic effects. Phase II-info from 1 to eval response to treatment. Phase III-compare new treatment to standard treatment for survival and quality of life. Availability, affordability, accessibility, acceptability. |
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Term
| Breast cancer incidence and risk factors |
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Definition
| incidence increasing but morality rates stable. hight incidence caucasian high mortality AA, genetic age hormonal and enviornmental effects. Estrogen, fat content and alcohol, early menarche/late menopause, personal and fmaily history (mutate BRCA 1 and 2) |
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Term
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Definition
| monthly and clincal every few years to watch for changes |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced mortality identify lumps before they are palpable. most in upper outer quad. digital better bcuz breast tissue gets more dense with age. |
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Term
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Definition
| dye injected and they look for uptake of dye where cells are deviding faster and can find cancer cells (kidney bladder and mucosal devide fast ) |
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Term
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Definition
| inject dye to see where tumor drains to find it biopsy it and determinds the node that tumor drains too and if cancer hasn't spread to node they can reduce deformative surgery without taking out other nodes and tissue. |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of breast cancer |
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Definition
| early symptomless, lump firm fixed and may have variable edges. Dimpling of skin, deviation or retraction of nipple, peau d'orange sign, swelling due to obstructed lymph node. rash or puritis. |
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Term
| Diagnosis of breat cancer |
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Definition
| depends on biopsy. look at staging TNM, presence of estrogen/progesterone receptors healps predict treatment, serum tumor markers. |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor T0, T1 (5 cm) T4 spread to chest wall and skin) Nodes: N0, N1 (same side axillary lymph nodes-movable) N2 (same side lymph nodes-fixed) N3 (same side lymph nodes beneath sternum. Metastisize M0 (no distant mets) M1 (distant mets) |
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Term
| Presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors ER+ PR + |
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Definition
| on cancer cells are predictors of long-term survival. more therapy for positive. Effects treatment options. |
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Term
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Definition
| determine cancer, risk of cancer (certain ones present greater risk for certain types of cancer)and clinical course of disease after treatment. CEA :colon pancreatic, lung, breast. PSA prostate, jump in # is worrisome |
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Term
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Definition
| Fine needle-may drage cancer cells with. incisional biopsy-cut out and take it out |
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Term
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Definition
| have you lay flat and take sample from areas all around the tumor. |
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Term
| Surgical excisional biopsy |
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Definition
| stick tip of needle in where the tumor is. Leave needle in and go and incisionally take tumor out. |
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Term
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Definition
| 75% lump is well defined/ 5-10% of cases, is diffuse throughout breast, usually in premenopausal women, doesn't show on mammography chemo is put in ductal system |
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Term
| Breast conserving lumpectomy |
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Definition
| they just take out the tumor and tissue around it. may be with radiation too. |
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Term
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Definition
| quadrant of breast removed |
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Term
| modified radical mastectomy |
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Definition
| the entire breast is removed, including the skin, areola and nipple, as well as most of the lymph nodes in the armpit area. |
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Term
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Definition
| also excision of underlying pectoral muscles, lymph nodes and adjacent tissue and fat. sunken in chest and risk of lymphodema. position on back with hob elevated a little. decrease swelling arm on pillow. coughing painful, slint with pillow. pain meds explain why u need to cough. anesthesis makes secretions thicker and immobility can cause pneumonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor is taken out along with surrounding healthy tissue. like an ice cream scoop |
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Term
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Definition
| trauma to body, fluid comes into area, thins takes fluid out so that tissue is next to tissue and can heal. Are sent home with drain. |
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Term
| auxillary lymph node dissection |
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Definition
positive sentinal node-surgeon will remove 5-30 lymph nodes from Level I is the bottom level, below the lower edge of the pectoralis minor muscle.
Level II is lying underneath the pectoralis minor muscle. With invasive breast cancer, will accompany a mastectomy |
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Term
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Definition
| if estrogen dependent- tamoxifen and raloxifene, removal of ovaries, phytoestrogens, aromatase inhibitores (armidex) fulvestrant. |
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Term
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Definition
| may be before, during or after surgival excision, outpatient -usually 4 weeks, local skin irritation and fatigue SE. attacks during division stage. endothelial linup of gi, bone marrow, spinal cord, bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| simulation can pinpoint area very closely, fractionate the dose (5000 RADs prescription-split over 4 weeks lower doses. Protection for normal cells ovaries/testes, helmet |
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Term
| side effects of radiation |
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Definition
| depends on dose and body area, keep in mind entry and exit sites. Dry vs wet reaction. Cancer of larynx-neck swelling pain, teeth weakend. Chest radiation-cough breathing, surfactant low, pain with clothing. Head-hair loss, headache, balence, confusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| no oinments or compresses, cleanse with lukewarm water and pat dry, avoid soap, no powder or perfume, lotion, long-term precaution. |
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Term
| radiation therapy fatigue |
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Definition
| plan for rest and naps, assist with ADL, assistive devices and nutritional support |
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Term
| Nursing care of radiation therapy |
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Definition
| anorexia (don't feel like eating), frequent small meals, high calorie, high protein (ensure drinks can be mixed), cold foods, anti-emetics, mouth care, pleasant environment, daily weights. albumin measure protein and pulls fluid in bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
normal 10000 WBC 300000 platelets. Therpeutic 5000, 150000 |
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Term
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Definition
| sealed(bracytherapy-souce is radioactive) unsealed IV or oral (blood, sweat, urine, feces radioactive)Rules of safety-max distance, limit time, used shielding. no children, no pregnant people |
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Term
| permanent prostate implants |
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Definition
| small metal radiative pieces put in prostate, they stay in no holding children during treatment time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cure, control, palliation (no longer can cure it, decreases size, reduce pain) |
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Term
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Definition
common protocol includes
cyclophosphamide (non-sp), methotrexate (sp), fluorouracil (sp), adriamycin (non-sp) Tamoxifen/raloxifene (non-sp) be able to recognize these! |
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Term
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Definition
| estrogen target cells (breast, uterine lining, liver) very effective (Tamoxifen). no effect on non-estrogen cells |
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Term
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Definition
| antimetabolites, vinca plan alkaloids -methotrexate, astine |
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Term
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Definition
| Aklylating agents (break dna bond), Anti tumor antibiotics, hormones, nitrosureas- phamide, rubicin, ifene, mustine |
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Term
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Definition
| of the various some have cardiac toxicity, hapatoxicity, metabolic |
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Term
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Definition
| feed lines directly into the superior vena cava- left ventricle. Big vessel, big line-can kill tissue aroud it if is peripheral IV extravasion can occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| GI problems (N&V) diarrhea or constipation, fatigue, alopecia (hair thin), mucositis (mouth sores) depression. leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
| fever, chills, sweating, loose bowels, buring urination, cough/sore throat, unusual vag discharge/itching. redness, swelling tenderness. |
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Term
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Definition
| wasting away side effect of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional support (body image change, sexuality) |
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Term
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Definition
| extra swelling and lymph cannot drain properly.can occur if nodes dissected so avoid constrictiong clothing, jewelry, elevate affected extremity, compression sleeve, exercises, pneumatic compression. At risk for infection so good skin and nail care is important, gentle massage. |
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Term
| Breast cancer reoccurance prevention |
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Definition
| use of tamoxifen has reduced it, phase III trials are ongoing, nutritional/lifestyle changes |
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