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Definition
| process by which one or more cells undergo genetic changes that result in malignant transformation. |
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| viruses, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, chemical agents, physical agents, HPV, Alcohol, tobacco, estrogen, occupational exposure |
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| oncogene activation, genetic predisposition (BRCA 1 &2:normally tumor supressors but can be mutated) immune response failure nutrition. |
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| Differentiating cellular characteristics of cancer |
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Definition
Anaplasiam, Autonomy, Density-dependent growth inhibition, Restriction point control, Adhesion
Angiogenesis, Migration, Differentiation |
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Definition
| cells change and no longer look like parent cell variation in size, shape and nuclei |
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| functions alone apart from other cells |
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| Density-dependent growth inhibition |
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Definition
| normal cells recognize when space is used up and stop dividing, but cancer cells don't |
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| Restriction point control |
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Definition
| cancer cells keep growing even after lack of nutrients. latch onto sources. |
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Definition
| cancer cells lack adherence factors that parent cells have so can drift away. |
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| Cells develop own blood supply when growth factor is released |
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Definition
| bond to neighbor cells is weaker so cells wander or their enzymes dissolve normal cell bonds |
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Definition
| cell matures and functions similar to normal cells. Prostate cancer cells grow in excess and therefore PSA secreted will be elevated (not in all cases) |
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| can be removed sitting in normal cells. |
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Definition
| tumor not cancer, tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis. Capsule and homogenous cut surface. |
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Definition
| tumor is cancer. cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites. |
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Definition
Men: prostate 25%, lung 15%, colon 10%
Women: Breast 27%, lung 14%, colon 10% |
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Definition
Men: Lung 30%, prostate 9%, colon 9%
Women: Lung 26%, breast 15%, colon 9%
2nd leading cause of death |
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Definition
| most are in people >55. Decreased immune response and greater carcinogen exposure contribute, comorbidity delay detection, difficult to manage treatment |
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Term
| Prevention tools, primary |
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Definition
| education, changing lifestyle risk factors, regulation of environmental carcinogens, does not guarentee |
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Term
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Definition
| CAUTION> CHANGE in bowel/bladder habits, A sore, UNUSUAL bleeding, THICKENING, INDIGESTION, OBvious change in wart, NAGGING cough |
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Definition
| Asymmetry, Border, Color change, Diameter(>6mm) |
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Definition
| thyroid, testicles, prostate, ovaries, lymph nodes, oral regions and skin |
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Definition
| Finds polyps and cancer: Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, Stool DNA test. |
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Definition
| tumor originating from undifferentiated embryonic cell and having little or no connective tissue. |
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| cervical cancer screening |
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Definition
| Pap smear to check for abnormal cells |
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Definition
| mammogram, clinical breast exam, know how breasts normally feel and report changes-self checks |
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| menstration effect on cancer |
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Definition
| Estrogen is secreted during cycle and exposure to estrogen for a long time causes risk |
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Definition
| Prevention, initiation, promotion, progression, weight control, moderate calories, low fat (animal), limited red meat, high fiber, variety fruits and vegs, limit alcohol, avoid salted/cured foods fried. |
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Definition
| help neutralize free radicals, Vit C, E and beta carotene, tomatoes, grapes red wine, green/black tea. |
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| Procarcinogen reducing phytonutriants |
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Definition
| allyl sulfides-garlic onions and chives. Sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables. |
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Definition
| protective against breast and prostate cancers: isoflavin are weak estrogens that bind with estrogen receptors. Soy products and cruciferous vegetables |
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| Life style effect on cancer |
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Definition
| Fighting spirit, marriage, optimism, social support, stress level, helplessness, non-expression of emotion, depression |
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Definition
| surgery, chemo, radiation, biologic response modifiers, hematopoietic stem cell transplant. watchful waiting |
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Definition
| major function is to distinguish self from non-self. Cell mediated: thymus T cells in lymph. Humoral: bone marrow B-cells in lymph antibodies Ig. |
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Definition
| interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body |
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| Biologic response modifiers |
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Definition
| cytokines are regulatory proteins that stimulate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as phagocytic cell activation. Malaise is SE |
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