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Definition
| a set of neurons that serves to retain info over time |
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| a memory store that holds a large amount of perceptual info for avery brief time, typically less than 1 second |
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| a memory store that holds relatively little info for only a few seconds also called immediate memory |
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| an organized unit of info such as a digit letter or word |
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| set of processes in wm that transforms and interprets info in one or another of two specialized stms during planning, reasoning, and problem solving |
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| the memory system that includes two specialized stms and a central executive that operates on info in the stms to plan reason or solve a problem |
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| a memory store that holds a huge amount of info for a long time |
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Definition
| increased memory for the first few stimuli in a set, reflecting storage of info in ltm |
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Definition
| increased memory for the last few stimuli in a set, reflecting storage of info in stm |
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| the process of converting info stored dynamicaly in ltm into a structual change in the brain |
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Term
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| the number and complexity of the mental operation used when processing; deeper processing occurs when more-- or more complex-- operations are used during encoding |
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| transfer appropraite processing |
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Definition
| processing used to retrieve material that is the same type as was used when the material was orginally studied, which improves memory retrieval |
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| processing that organizes and integrates new info into previously stored info often by making associations |
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| learning that occurs as a result of tring to learn |
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| learning that occurs without the intention of learning |
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| an unusually vivid and detailed memory of a dramatic event |
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Definition
| type of stm that holds articulatory sounds like a continuous play tape recorder, need to rehearse repeatedly to continue to store sounds in the loop |
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Definition
| different type of stm that holds visual and spatial info. like a notepad with patterns drawn in fading ink, briefly retains mental images of the location of objects |
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Definition
| cannot be voluntarily called to mind, but influence behavior or thinking |
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Definition
| can be retrieved at will and represented in stm as words or images |
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| memories of the meanings of words, concepts and facts |
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| memories of events associated witha particular time place and circumstance |
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Definition
| the strengthening of the connections between the sending and receiving neurons that underlies memory storage |
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| the ability to speak or otherwise use words phrases and sentences to convey info |
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Definition
| creation and generation of new sentences; dont simply retrieve and repeat stored sentences |
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Definition
| basic building blocks of speech sounds |
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| a dsiruption of language due to brain damage |
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Term
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| problems with producing language following brain damage to the left frontal lobe |
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Definition
| problems with comprehending language following brain damage typically to the left posterior temporal lobe |
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| the meaning of a word or sentence |
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| smallest units of meaning in a language |
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| propositional representations |
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| mental sentences that represent the unambiguous meaning of assertions |
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| the way that language conveys meaning indirectly, by implying rather than asserting |
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| an overly broad use of a word to refer to a new object or situation |
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| an overly narrow use of a word to refer to a new object or situation |
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| the readiness for language development as a normal phase of development, and or a gene or sets of gene responsible for language |
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Definition
| a narrow window of time when a certain type of learning is possible |
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Definition
| set of steps guaranteed to reach a solution |
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| rule of thumb that may offer a shortcut but is not guaranteed to reach a solution |
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| a new way to look at a problem that implies the solution |
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Definition
| processing that occurs when a person is not consciously working on solving a problem and that can lead to improved thinking about the solution |
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| the processes that guide attention, thought, and action in the service of accomplishing a specific task |
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| the process of applying the principles of correct reasoning to reach a decision or evaluate the truth of a claim |
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| applies the rules of logic to a set of assumptions to discover whether certain conclusions follow from those assumptions |
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| an image of a specific situation used to reason about an abstract entity |
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| uses examples to figure out a rule that governs them |
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| a tendency to seek only information that will confirm a rule |
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Term
| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| the more similar something is to a prototype stored in memory, the more likely it is to belong to that category |
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Term
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Definition
| the easier event or objects are brought to mind, the more likely, common, or frequent they are judged to be |
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Definition
| a positive or negative reaction to a perceived or remembered object, event, or circumstance, accompanied by a subjective feeling |
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Term
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Definition
| even with "basic" emotions, the contribution of the genes which produce inborn tendencies connot be considered in isolation from events at the levels of the person (such as learning) and group (such as whether one is a member of a specific race and culture) |
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Term
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Definition
| hardwired goals survival of the fittesets, skills that are available to the specimens that pass on their genes |
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