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Exam 2 Terms
Carbs and Lipids
35
Nutrition
Undergraduate 3
10/13/2013

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Term
monosaccharides
Definition
hexose- manose
pentose- arabinose, xylose, ribose
Term
disaccharides
Definition
2 monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bond
Term
sucrose
Definition
glucose + fructose
Term
lactose
Definition
glucose + galactose
Term
maltose
Definition
glucose + glucose
Term
cellobiose
Definition
component of cellulose glucose + glucose
Term
Oligiosaccharide
Definition
3-10 monosaccharides
tri (3) raffinose- soybean,cottonseed
tetra (4) stachyose- soybeans
Term
polysaccharides
Definition
> 10 monosaccharides
Term
NDF
Neutral Detergent Fiber
Definition
hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
Term
ADF
Acid Detergent Fiber
Definition
cellulose, lignin
Term
TDF
Total Dietary Fiber
Definition
cell wall and variable amounts of fructans
Term
CF
Crude Fiber
Definition
most lignins, cellulose and hemicellulose
Term
NFC
Non-Fiber Carbs
Definition
determine via equation; measures starches, sugars, organic acids, and pectins
Term
NSC
Non-Structural Carbs
Definition
determined enzymatically; measures starches and sugars
Term
cellulolytic bacteria
Definition
digest fiber in rumen
Term
amylolytic bacteria
Definition
digest starch and sugar in rumen
Term
Acetate
Definition
lipogenic; used for energy and fatty acid synth
Term
Propionate
Definition
glucogenic; used for energy and glucose synth
Term
Butyrate
Definition
used for energy
Term
short chain fatty acid
Definition
less than or equal to 6 carbons; volatile fatty acids; end products of fermentation
Term
medium chain fatty acids
Definition
7-12 carbons; Capric, Lauric
Term
long chain fatty acids
Definition
> 12 carbons
Term
linoleic
Definition
C18:2 flaxseed and linseed oils
Term
linolenic
Definition
C18:3 soy, corn, sunflower, safflower oils
Term
eicosapentaenoic acid
Definition
C20
Term
docosahexaenoic acid
Definition
C22
Term
omega 3 fatty acids
Definition
double bond between 3rd and 4th carbons counting from methyl end
Term
glyceride
Definition
glycerol backbone and fatty acid
Term
triglyceride
Definition
glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
Term
glycolipids
Definition
lipids with a CHO attached; found in forages; 1 FA replaced by 1-2 sugars
Term
phospholipids
Definition
1 FA replaced by phosphate group
Term
iodine number
Definition
denotes degree of unsaturation of a fat or fatty acid
Term
saponification number
Definition
measure of the average chain length of 3 fatty acids in a fat
Term
RM number
Definition
measures amount of water soluble
Term
Melting point
Definition
the temp at which a fat changes from a solid to a liquid
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