Term
| Ideally, a psychological skills training (PST) program should be planned, implemented, and supervised by a |
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Definition
| AASP-certified sport psychology consultant |
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Term
| In general, most coaches state that their sport is at least what percentage mental? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is FALSE concerning psychological skills training? |
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Definition
| PST is only for problem athletes |
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Term
| From a psychological perspective, the ultimate goal of psychological skills training is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Results of a study focusing on successful versus unsuccessful athletes showed that more successful athletes are characterized by |
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Definition
| higher self-confidence and more task-oriented thoughts |
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Term
| Using the psychological skill of relaxation learned in baseball to deal with anxiety before taking exams would be the goal of which stage of Kirschenbaum's model of self-regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the main problem that the basketball player (Jim) faced shooting free throws in the case study presented at the beginning of the chapter? |
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Definition
| He had not developed the psychological skill of relaxation |
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Term
| The studies investigating the effectiveness of PST in enhancing performance have generally found that |
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Definition
| PST enhances the performance of collegiate athletes and in older and younger athletes |
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Term
| Which of the following demonstrated PST? |
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Definition
| A fitness instructor suggests using positive self-statements to enhance self-esteem with an overweight client and a P.E. teacher uses relaxation training to help students calm down before going to their next class |
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Term
| When is it generally best to implement a PST program? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the best way to get info concerning an athlete's psychological strengths & weaknesses? |
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Definition
| An oral interview and psychological inventries |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a common problem in implementing PST programs? |
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Definition
| the consultant's lack of sport-specific knowledge |
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Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of ineffective consultants that athletes note in interviews with sports psychologists? |
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Definition
| they lack sport-specific knowledge and they rely on a "canned" approach when implementing mental skills training |
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of effective consultants that athletes note in interviews with sport psychologists? |
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Definition
| They are accessible and establish rapport with the athletes & they are flexible in meeting the individual athlete's needs |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a phase in the PST? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| According to Vealey, which of the following is a foundation skill? |
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Definition
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Term
| New research indicates that which of the following is NOT a construct in the 4C model of mental toughness? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to recent research on mental toughness, which of the following is a way to increase mental toughness? |
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Definition
| create intense competitive practices that simulate game situations and have high expectations of athletes |
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Term
| A recent study found that coaches particularly use the mental skills of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mental toughness can be seen as being "caught" or "taught." Which of the following is an example of mental toughness being "caught"? |
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Definition
| setting up practices to simulate game situations |
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Term
| From the perspective of athletes, what is the benefit of Performance Profiling? |
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Definition
| setting goals for themselves |
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Term
| The suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is |
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Definition
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Term
| A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to |
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Definition
| visualize your best and worst performances |
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Term
| The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that described during |
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Definition
| transcendental meditation |
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Term
| Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Effective breathing begins in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Athletes should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure, they |
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Definition
| breathe out during execution of the skill |
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Term
| Ost has developed an applied relaxation technique using progressive relaxation that can be done at competitions in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Progressive relaxation was developed by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Excess anxiety can produce |
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Definition
| Inappropriate muscle tension, inappropriate thoughts, and somatic (physiological) reactions |
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Term
| A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to |
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Definition
| monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| According to research with elite athletes by Gould and colleagues, athletes |
|
Definition
| prepared for unexpected events and placed a great deal of importance on mental training |
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Term
| According to the study by Eubank and Collins, individuals perceiving their anxiety as facilitative (as opposed to debilitative) use more |
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Definition
| Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping |
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Term
| Which of the following levels of effort produced the fastest running times of 400-meter runners? |
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Definition
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Term
Both Ron Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training and Don Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training are examples of ___________ anxiety
programs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT an element necessary for achieving the relaxation response? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following can increase activation? |
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Definition
| Using positive mood words and listening to energizing music |
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Term
| An athlete who is underactivated commonly experiences which of the following? |
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Definition
| Heavy feeling in the legs and feelings of anxiety |
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Term
| Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension? |
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Definition
| Smile when pressure is coming on, slow down, and stay focused on the present |
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Term
| According to the research on biofeedback by Landers and his colleagues, |
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Definition
| biofeedback provides a mechanism for coping, can improve the performance of rifle shooters, and provides shooters with a greater awareness of their heart and respiration rates |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true regarding research findings on coping in sport? |
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Definition
| Athletes use both adaptive and nonadaptive coping strategies and athletes who had more adaptive coping strategies had better performances |
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Term
| A key feature in the multimodal anxiety reduction programs is that they help participants learn |
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Definition
|
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Term
| For long-term coping, research indicates that the most effective strategy is |
|
Definition
| active problem-focused coping |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition most often associated with goal that includes involuntary tremors and jerking of the hands caused by excessive anxiety |
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Term
| Which of the following is a guideline for giving a pep talk? |
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Definition
| Give players a plan and use humor |
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Term
| The gradual counterconditioning of anxiety using relaxation as the incompatible or competing response is known as |
|
Definition
| systematic desensitization |
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Term
| Although there are many definitions of resiliency, they seem to have in common the two core concepts of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Basic imagery training involves |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a use of imagery? |
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Definition
| reducing amount of physical practice time |
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Term
| Research using U.S. and Canadian Olympic athletes has shown that approximately what percent of Olympic athletes use imagery? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is true about imagery? |
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Definition
| Imagery is used most often prior to competition |
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Term
| Suinn's research showing that electrical activity was present in skiers' legs as they imagined skiing down the slope provided support for |
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Definition
| psychoneuromuscular theory |
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Term
| The main reason that exercisers give for using imagery is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Internal imagery (as compared to external imagery) makes it easier for an athlete to experience which of the following senses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| An athlete tries to image shooting a free throw under pressure, but the ball keeps hitting the rim and bouncing off. This is an example of a lack of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The PETTLEP model emphasizes which of the following critical factors in imagery practice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Athletes who incorporate all the senses into their image will score high on what aspect of imagery? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is basic to a successful imagery training program? |
|
Definition
| realistic expectations and relaxed concentration |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true about imagery? |
|
Definition
| imagery can improve performance if the imagery is done systematically |
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Term
| An optimal time to use imagery is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In terms of the timing of imagery, it is best to image in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
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Definition
| There are no differences in imagery ability between successful and less successful performers |
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Term
| According to Pavio's work on the different functions of imagery, a person's imagery of staying relaxed under pressure would be an example of |
|
Definition
| Motivational-specific imagery |
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Term
| Psychological explanations for the effectiveness of imagery include a focus on |
|
Definition
| enhancing motivations and achieving optimal arousal and focus on task-relevant cues |
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Term
| According to research, the most effective types of imagery scripts are |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The most effective type of imagery for helping athletes maintain confidence and stay focused is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is a component of an Imagery Training Program as outlined by Morris and his colleagues? |
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Definition
| content, enhancements, and rehearsal routines (all) |
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Term
| Athletes imaging a task as more threatening than challenging (for example, stress appraisal) exhibited more |
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Definition
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